The purchase sources of and price paid for cigarettes in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys.

Autor: Demjén T; Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation (SHHF), Budapest, Hungary., Kiss J; Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation (SHHF), Budapest, Hungary., Kovács PA; Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation (SHHF), Budapest, Hungary., Mons U; Cancer Prevention Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Kahnert S; Cancer Prevention Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany., Driezen P; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo (UW), Waterloo, Canada., Kyriakos CN; European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP), Brussels, Belgium.; University of Crete (UoC), Heraklion, Greece., Zatoński M; Health Promotion Foundation (HPF), Warsaw, Poland.; European Observatory of Health Inequalities, President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences, Kalisz, Poland., Przewoźniak K; Health Promotion Foundation (HPF), Warsaw, Poland.; Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center (MSCI), Warsaw, Poland., Fu M; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain., Fernández E; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain., McNeill A; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, King's College London (KCL), London, United Kingdom., Willemsen M; Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.; Netherlands Expertise Center for Tobacco Control (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, the Netherlands., Tountas Y; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UoA), Athens, Greece., Trofor AC; University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa' Iasi, Iasi, Romania.; Aer Pur Romania, Bucharest, Romania., Fong GT; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo (UW), Waterloo, Canada.; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo (UW), Waterloo, Canada., Vardavas CI; European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP), Brussels, Belgium.; University of Crete (UoC), Heraklion, Greece.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Tobacco induced diseases [Tob Induc Dis] 2019 Mar 26; Vol. 16, pp. A16. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Mar 26 (Print Publication: 2018).
DOI: 10.18332/tid/100413
Abstrakt: Introduction: Tobacco tax policies have been proven to be effective in reducing tobacco consumption, but their impact can be mitigated through price-minimizing behaviours among smokers. This study explored the purchase sources of tobacco products and the price paid for tobacco products in six EU member states.
Methods: Data from Wave 1 of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey collected from nationally representative samples of adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (ITC 6E Survey) were used. The ITC 6E Survey sample, conducted in 2016, randomly sampled 6011 adult cigarette smokers aged 18 years or older. Information on purchase sources of tobacco was examined by country. The difference in reported purchase price by purchase location (store vs non-store/other) was analysed using linear regression for each country.
Results: Tobacco purchasing patterns and sources varied widely between countries. Non-store/other purchases were very rare in Hungary (0.1%) while these types of purchases were more common in Germany (5.1%) and Poland (8.6%). Reported prices of one standard pack of 20 cigarettes were highest in Germany (4.80€) and lowest in Hungary (2.45€). While non-store purchases were only made by a minority of smokers (>10% in all countries), the price differential was considerable between store and non-store/other sources, up to 2€ per pack in Greece and in Germany.
Conclusions: The results suggest a huge variation of purchasing sources and price differentials between store and non-store purchasing sources across the six EU member states examined. While the cross-sectional data precludes any causal inference, supply chain control through licensing as introduced in Hungary and the lack of such measures in the other countries might nevertheless be a plausible explanation for the large differences in the frequency of non-store purchases observed in this study.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or otherwise, related to the current work. K Przewoźniak reports grants and personal fees from the Polish League Against Cancer, outside the submitted work. CI Vardavas reports that he is the Strategic Development Editor of TID and that there are no conflicts of interest with this current work. The rest of the authors have also completed and submitted an ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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