Oil dispersant Corexit 9500 is weakly estrogenic, but does not skew the sex ratio in Alligator mississippiensis.

Autor: McNabb NA; Graduate Program in Marine Biology, The University of Charleston, South Carolina at the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina.; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California., Bernhard MC; Graduate Program in Marine Biology, The University of Charleston, South Carolina at the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina.; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina.; Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Sarasota, Florida., Brunell A; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Eustis, Florida., Lowers RH; Integrated Mission Support Service, Titusville, Florida., Katsu Y; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan., Spyropoulos DD; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina.; Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina., Kohno S; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of applied toxicology : JAT [J Appl Toxicol] 2020 Feb; Vol. 40 (2), pp. 245-256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Sep 04.
DOI: 10.1002/jat.3900
Abstrakt: During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, vast quantities of a chemical dispersant Corexit 9500 were applied in remediation efforts. In addition to the acute toxicity, it is essential to evaluate Corexit further with a broader scope of long-term sublethal endocrine endpoints. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is an excellent organism for such an endeavor. It exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination, in which egg incubation temperatures during a thermosensitive period (TSP) in embryonic development determine the sex of embryos. Estrogen signals play a critical role in this process. For example, a single exposure to exogenous estrogen during the TSP overrides the effects of temperature and leads to skewed sex ratios. At a concentration of 100 ppm, Corexit significantly induced transcriptional activity of both alligator nuclear estrogen receptors 1 and 2 in vitro in reporter gene assays. To investigate the estrogenic effects of Corexit on gonadal development, alligator eggs were exposed to Corexit at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 ppm) before the TSP in ovo. Exposure to Corexit at 0.25 and 25 ppm significantly delayed hatching and growth. Corexit exposure at any treatment level did not affect sex ratios or testicular mRNA abundance as measured at 1-week post-hatching, suggesting that the combination of Corexit components did not synergize enough to induce ovarian development in ovo. These results point to a need for further investigations on individual and combined components of Corexit to understand better their long-term effects on the development and reproductive health of alligators and other coastal aquatic wildlife.
(© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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