Exposure to American Football and Neuropsychiatric Health in Former National Football League Players: Findings From the Football Players Health Study.

Autor:	Roberts AL; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Pascual-Leone A; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Speizer FE; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Zafonte RD; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Baggish AL; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Taylor H Jr; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Nadler LM; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Courtney TK; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Connor A; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Grashow R; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Stillman AM; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Marengi DA; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Weisskopf MG; Investigation performed at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The American journal of sports medicine [Am J Sports Med] 2019 Oct; Vol. 47 (12), pp. 2871-2880. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 30.
DOI:	10.1177/0363546519868989
Abstrakt:	Background: Former American football players have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment than that of the US general population. It remains unknown what aspects of playing football are associated with neuropsychiatric outcomes. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that seasons of professional football, playing position, and experience of concussions were associated with cognition-related quality of life (QOL) and indicators of depression and anxiety. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The authors examined whether seasons of professional football, playing position, and experience of concussions, as measured by self-report of 10 symptoms, were associated with cognition-related QOL and indicators of depression and anxiety in a cross-sectional survey conducted 2015 to 2017. Cognition-related QOL was measured by the short form of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders: Applied Cognition-General Concerns. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 measured depression and anxiety symptoms. Of 13,720 eligible men with apparently valid contact information, 3506 players returned a questionnaire at the time of this analysis (response rate = 25.6%). Results: Seasons of professional play (risk ratio [RR] per 5 seasons = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.34) and playing position were associated with cognition-related QOL. Each 5 seasons of play was associated with 9% increased risk of indicators of depression at borderline statistical significance ( P = .05). When compared with former kickers, punters, and quarterbacks, men who played any other position had a higher risk of poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety. Concussion symptoms were strongly associated with poor cognition-related QOL (highest concussion quartile, RR = 22.3, P < .001), depression (highest quartile, RR = 6.0, P < .0001), and anxiety (highest quartile, RR = 6.4, P < .0001), even 20 years after last professional play. Conclusion: The data suggest that seasons of play and playing position in the NFL are associated with lasting neuropsychiatric health deficits. Additionally, poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety appear to be associated with concussion in the long term.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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