Do New World pitvipers "scale-down" at high elevations? Macroecological patterns of scale characters and body size.

Autor: Jadin RC; Department of Biology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Eau Claire WI USA., Mihaljevic JR; School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA., Orlofske SA; Department of Biology University of Wisconsin Stevens Point Stevens Point WI USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecology and evolution [Ecol Evol] 2019 Jul 31; Vol. 9 (16), pp. 9362-9375. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 31 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5486
Abstrakt: Bergmann's rule describes the macroecological pattern of increasing body size in response to higher latitudes and elevations. This pattern is extensively documented in endothermic vertebrates, within and among species; however, studies involving ectotherms are less common and suggest no consistent pattern for amphibians and reptiles. Moreover, adaptive traits, such as epidermal features like scales, have not been widely examined in conjunction with Bergmann's rule, even though these traits affect physiological processes, such as thermoregulation, which are hypothesized as underlying mechanisms for the pattern. Here, we investigate how scale characters correlate with elevation among 122 New World pitviper species, representing 15 genera. We found a contra-Bergmann's pattern, where body size is smaller at higher elevations. This pattern was mainly driven by the presence of small-bodied clades at high elevations and large-bodied clades at low elevations, emphasizing the importance of taxonomic scope in studying macroecological patterns. Within a subset of speciose clades, we found that only Crotalus demonstrated a significant negative relationship between body size and elevation, perhaps because of its wide elevational range. In addition, we found a positive correlation between scale counts and body size but no independent effect of elevation on scale numbers. Our study increases our knowledge of Bergmann's rule in reptiles by specifically examining characters of squamation and suggests a need to reexamine macroecological patterns for this group.
Competing Interests: None declared.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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