The effect of cryotherapy application before versus after subcutaneous anticoagulant injection on pain intensity and hematoma formation: A quasi-experimental design.

Autor:	El-Deen DS; Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt., Youssef NFA; Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt.; Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal of nursing sciences [Int J Nurs Sci] 2018 Jul 21; Vol. 5 (3), pp. 223-229. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 21 (Print Publication: 2018).
DOI:	10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.07.006
Abstrakt:	Objective: To investigate the effect of cryotherapy application before versus after subcutaneous anticoagulant injection (SCAI) on pain intensity and hematoma formation. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. A convenient sample of 105 adult patients, who were admitted to one of the biggest teaching hospitals in Cairo and receiving SCAI, were recruited over a period of six months. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: A Control group who received the routine hospital care (G1, n  = 35) and two intervention group who received cryotherapy for 5-min (G2: cryotherapy applied before SCAI, n  = 35; G3: cryotherapy applied after SCAI, n  = 35). Demographic and medical history data sheet, Pain Numeric Rating Scale and Hematoma Formation and Size Assessment Scale were used to collect the data. Results: The pain intensity among the patients in the two intervention groups (G2: Median  = 1.0; G3: Median  = 0) was significantly lower than in the control group (G1, Median  = 3.0). No significant difference was found between G2 and G3( P  = 0.728). Applying cryotherapy after SCAI (G3) decreased the frequency of hematoma formation (48hrs = 31.4% & 72hrs = 28.5%) compared to applying it before injection (G2, 100%) or not applying it (G1, 100%). The size of hematoma in G3 was smaller than that in G2 ( P  < 0.01). Conclusion: Applying cryotherapy significantly decreased pain intensity and hematoma occurrence/size. Applying cryotherapy after injection was more effective in preventing hematoma formation and decreasing its size than applying it before injection.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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