The β 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Is a Molecular Switch for Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation of Prostate Cancer Cells.

Autor:	Braadland PR; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Ramberg H; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Grytli HH; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Urbanucci A; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Core Facilities, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Nielsen HK; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Guldvik IJ; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Engedal A; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Ketola K; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., Wang W; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Svindland A; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Mills IG; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom., Bjartell A; Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.; Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmø, Sweden., Taskén KA; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. k.a.tasken@medisin.uio.no.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Molecular cancer research : MCR [Mol Cancer Res] 2019 Nov; Vol. 17 (11), pp. 2154-2168. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 08.
DOI:	10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0605
Abstrakt:	The incidence of treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) is rising as more potent drugs targeting the androgen signaling axis are clinically implemented. Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD), an putative initial step in t-NEPC development, is induced by androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) or anti-androgens, and by activation of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) in prostate cancer cell lines. Thus, understanding whether ADRB2 is involved in ADT-initiated NEtD may assist in developing treatment strategies that can prevent or reverse t-NEPC emergence, thereby prolonging therapeutic responses. Here we found that in primary, treatment-naïve prostate cancers, ADRB2 mRNA was positively correlated with expression of luminal differentiation markers, and ADRB2 protein levels were inversely correlated with Gleason grade. ADRB2 mRNA was upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer, and progressively downregulated during ADT and t-NEPC emergence. In androgen-deprivated medium, high ADRB2 was required for LNCaP cells to undergo NEtD, measured as increased neurite outgrowth and expression of neuron differentiation and neuroendocrine genes. ADRB2 overexpression induced a neuroendocrine-like morphology in both androgen receptor (AR)-positive and -negative prostate cancer cell lines. ADRB2 downregulation in LNCaP cells increased canonical Wnt signaling, and GSK3α/β inhibition reduced the expression of neuron differentiation and neuroendocrine genes. In LNCaP xenografts, more pronounced castration-induced NEtD was observed in tumors derived from high than low ADRB2 cells. In conclusion, high ADRB2 expression is required for ADT-induced NEtD, characterized by ADRB2 downregulation and t-NEPC emergence. IMPLICATIONS: This data suggest a potential application of β-blockers to prevent cancer cells committed to a neuroendocrine lineage from evolving into t-NEPC. (©2019 American Association for Cancer Research.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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