A porcine xenograft-derived bone scaffold is a biocompatible bone graft substitute: An assessment of cytocompatibility and the alpha-Gal epitope.

Autor: Bracey DN; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina., Seyler TM; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina., Jinnah AH; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina., Smith TL; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina., Ornelles DA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina., Deora R; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio., Parks GD; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida., Van Dyke ME; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia., Whitlock PW; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Xenotransplantation [Xenotransplantation] 2019 Sep; Vol. 26 (5), pp. e12534. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 25.
DOI: 10.1111/xen.12534
Abstrakt: Background: Xenografts are an attractive alternative to traditional bone grafts because of the large supply from donors with predictable morphology and biology as well as minimal risk of human disease transmission. Clinical series involving xenograft bone transplantation, most commonly from bovine sources, have reported poor results with frequent graft rejection and failure to integrate with host tissue. Failures have been attributed to residual alpha-Gal epitope in the xenograft which humans produce natural antibody against. To the authors' knowledge, there is currently no xenograft-derived bone graft substitute that has been adopted by orthopedic surgeons for routine clinical use.
Methods: In the current study, a bone scaffold intended to serve as a bone graft substitute was derived from porcine cancellous bone using a tissue decellularization and chemical oxidation protocol. In vitro cytocompatibility, pathogen clearance, and alpha-Gal quantification tests were used to assess the safety of the bone scaffold intended for human use.
Results: In vitro studies showed the scaffold was free of processing chemicals and biocompatible with mouse and human cell lines. When bacterial and viral pathogens were purposefully added to porcine donor tissue, processing successfully removed these pathogens to comply with sterility assurance levels established by allograft tissue providers. Critically, 98.5% of the alpha-Gal epitope was removed from donor tissue after decellularization as shown by ELISA inhibition assay and immunohistochemical staining.
Conclusions: The current investigation supports the biologic safety of bone scaffolds derived from porcine donors using a decellularization protocol that meets current sterility assurance standards. The majority of the highly immunogenic xenograft carbohydrate was removed from donor tissue, and these findings support further in vivo investigation of xenograft-derived bone tissue for orthopedic clinical application.
(© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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