Widespread diminishing anthropogenic effects on calcium in freshwaters.

Autor: Weyhenmeyer GA; Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden. Gesa.Weyhenmeyer@ebc.uu.se., Hartmann J; Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany., Hessen DO; Department of Biosciences, Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene (CBA), University of Oslo, Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Norway., Kopáček J; Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic., Hejzlar J; Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic., Jacquet S; INRA CARRTEL, 75 bis avenue de Corzent, 74203, Thonon-les-Bains, cx, France., Hamilton SK; Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 and Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA., Verburg P; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand., Leach TH; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA., Schmid M; Surface Waters - Research and Management, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland., Flaim G; Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy., Nõges T; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia., Nõges P; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia., Wentzky VC; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Lake Research and Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Magdeburg, Germany., Rogora M; CNR Water Research Institute, L.go Tonolli 50, I-28922, Verbania Pallanza, Italy., Rusak JA; Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Dorset, ON, P0A 1E0, Canada., Kosten S; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Paterson AM; Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Dorset, ON, P0A 1E0, Canada., Teubner K; Department of Limnology and Biological Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria., Higgins SN; IISD Experimental Lakes Area Inc., 111 Lombard Avenue Suite 325, Winnipeg, R3B 0T5, Canada., Lawrence G; U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, Troy, NY, 12180, USA., Kangur K; Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51117, Rannu, Tartu County, Estonia., Kokorite I; Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera Str.3, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia., Cerasino L; Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy., Funk C; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division, Washington, DC, 20460, USA., Harvey R; Vermont Department of Environmental Services, 1 National Life Drive, Montpelier, Vermont, USA., Moatar F; Irstea, RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua -, 69625, Villeurbanne cedex, France., de Wit HA; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 23, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway., Zechmeister T; Biological Station Lake Neusiedl, 7142, Illmitz, Austria.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2019 Jul 18; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 10450. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 18.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46838-w
Abstrakt: Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for almost all living organisms. Here, we examined global variation and controls of freshwater Ca concentrations, using 440 599 water samples from 43 184 inland water sites in 57 countries. We found that the global median Ca concentration was 4.0 mg L -1 with 20.7% of the water samples showing Ca concentrations ≤ 1.5 mg L -1 , a threshold considered critical for the survival of many Ca-demanding organisms. Spatially, freshwater Ca concentrations were strongly and proportionally linked to carbonate alkalinity, with the highest Ca and carbonate alkalinity in waters with a pH around 8.0 and decreasing in concentrations towards lower pH. However, on a temporal scale, by analyzing decadal trends in >200 water bodies since the 1980s, we observed a frequent decoupling between carbonate alkalinity and Ca concentrations, which we attributed mainly to the influence of anthropogenic acid deposition. As acid deposition has been ameliorated, in many freshwaters carbonate alkalinity concentrations have increased or remained constant, while Ca concentrations have rapidly declined towards or even below pre-industrial conditions as a consequence of recovery from anthropogenic acidification. Thus, a paradoxical outcome of the successful remediation of acid deposition is a globally widespread freshwater Ca concentration decline towards critically low levels for many aquatic organisms.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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