Immunomodulatory effect of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate methyl pesticides on macrophage cells.

Autor: Weis GCC; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: grazielle.castagna@gmail.com., Assmann CE; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: charles.ufsm@gmail.com., Cadoná FC; Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: fran.cine.bio@hotmail.com., Bonadiman BDSR; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: beadasilvarosa@gmail.com., Alves AO; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: audrei.alves77@gmail.com., Machado AK; Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: alencarkolinski@gmail.com., Duarte MMMF; Luteran University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: duartmm@hotmail.com., da Cruz IBM; Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: ibmcruz@hotmail.com., Costabeber IH; Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: ijonicostabeber@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2019 Oct 30; Vol. 182, pp. 109420. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 09.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109420
Abstrakt: Mancozeb (MZ), chlorothalonil (CT), and thiophanate methyl (TM) are pesticides commonly used in agriculture due to their efficacy, low acute toxicity to mammals, and short environmental persistence. Although the toxic effects of these pesticides have been previously reported, studies regarding their influence on the immune system are limited. As such, this study focused on the immunomodulatory effect of MZ, CT, and TM pesticides on macrophage cells. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to a range of concentrations (0.1-100 μg/mL) of these pesticides. CT exposure promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. The MTT and ds-DNA assay results demonstrated that MZ, CT, and TM exposure induced macrophage proliferation. Moreover, MZ, CT, and TM promoted cell cycle arrest at S phase, strongly suggesting macrophage proliferation. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and caspases (caspase 1, 3, and 8) in macrophages exposed to MZ, CT, and TM pesticides increased, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. These results suggest that MZ, CT, and TM exert an immunomodulatory effect on the immune system, inducing macrophage activation and enhancing the inflammatory response.
(Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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