Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia.

Autor: Harvati K; Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. katerina.harvati@ifu.uni-tuebingen.de.; DFG Centre of Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools', Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. katerina.harvati@ifu.uni-tuebingen.de.; Museum of Anthropology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. katerina.harvati@ifu.uni-tuebingen.de., Röding C; Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Bosman AM; Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; DFG Centre of Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools', Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Karakostis FA; Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Grün R; Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia., Stringer C; Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK., Karkanas P; Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory for Archaeological Science, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, Greece., Thompson NC; Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Museum of Anthropology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Koutoulidis V; First Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Moulopoulos LA; First Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Gorgoulis VG; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. vgorg@med.uoa.gr.; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. vgorg@med.uoa.gr.; Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre,, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. vgorg@med.uoa.gr., Kouloukoussa M; Museum of Anthropology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2019 Jul; Vol. 571 (7766), pp. 500-504. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 10.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z
Abstrakt: Two fossilized human crania (Apidima 1 and Apidima 2) from Apidima Cave, southern Greece, were discovered in the late 1970s but have remained enigmatic owing to their incomplete nature, taphonomic distortion and lack of archaeological context and chronology. Here we virtually reconstruct both crania, provide detailed comparative descriptions and analyses, and date them using U-series radiometric methods. Apidima 2 dates to more than 170 thousand years ago and has a Neanderthal-like morphological pattern. By contrast, Apidima 1 dates to more than 210 thousand years ago and presents a mixture of modern human and primitive features. These results suggest that two late Middle Pleistocene human groups were present at this site-an early Homo sapiens population, followed by a Neanderthal population. Our findings support multiple dispersals of early modern humans out of Africa, and highlight the complex demographic processes that characterized Pleistocene human evolution and modern human presence in southeast Europe.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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