Mosquito feeding behavior and how it influences residual malaria transmission across Africa.

Autor:	Sherrard-Smith E; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom; e.sherrard-smith@imperial.ac.uk., Skarp JE; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom., Beale AD; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom.; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom., Fornadel C; US President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20004., Norris LC; US President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20004., Moore SJ; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.; Health Interventions Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Institute of Tropical and Public Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland., Mihreteab S; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Asmara, State of Eritrea., Charlwood JD; University of Asmara, State of Eritrea., Bhatt S; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom., Winskill P; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom., Griffin JT; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom.; School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom., Churcher TS; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2019 Jul 23; Vol. 116 (30), pp. 15086-15095. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 08.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1820646116
Abstrakt:	The antimalarial efficacy of the most important vector control interventions-long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)-primarily protect against mosquitoes' biting people when they are in bed and indoors. Mosquito bites taken outside of these times contribute to residual transmission which determines the maximum effectiveness of current malaria prevention. The likelihood mosquitoes feed outside the time of day when LLINs and IRS can protect people is poorly understood, and the proportion of bites received outdoors may be higher after prolonged vector control. A systematic review of mosquito and human behavior is used to quantify and estimate the public health impact of outdoor biting across Africa. On average 79% of bites by the major malaria vectors occur during the time when people are in bed. This estimate is substantially lower than previous predictions, with results suggesting a nearly 10% lower proportion of bites taken at the time when people are beneath LLINs since the year 2000. Across Africa, this higher outdoor transmission is predicted to result in an estimated 10.6 million additional malaria cases annually if universal LLIN and IRS coverage was achieved. Higher outdoor biting diminishes the cases of malaria averted by vector control. This reduction in LLIN effectiveness appears to be exacerbated in areas where mosquito populations are resistant to insecticides used in bed nets, but no association was found between physiological resistance and outdoor biting. Substantial spatial heterogeneity in mosquito biting behavior between communities could contribute to differences in effectiveness of malaria control across Africa. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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