Changes in rapid HIV treatment initiation after national "treat all" policy adoption in 6 sub-Saharan African countries: Regression discontinuity analysis.

Autor: Tymejczyk O; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America.; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America., Brazier E; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America.; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America., Yiannoutsos CT; Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America., Vinikoor M; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America., van Lettow M; Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Nalugoda F; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo and Entebbe, Uganda., Urassa M; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania., Sinayobye JD; Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda., Rebeiro PF; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America., Wools-Kaloustian K; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America., Davies MA; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Zaniewski E; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Anderegg N; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Liu G; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America.; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America., Ford N; Global Hepatitis Programme, HIV/AIDS Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Nash D; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America.; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS medicine [PLoS Med] 2019 Jun 10; Vol. 16 (6), pp. e1002822. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jun 10 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002822
Abstrakt: Background: Most countries have formally adopted the World Health Organization's 2015 recommendation of universal HIV treatment ("treat all"). However, there are few rigorous assessments of the real-world impact of treat all policies on antiretroviral treatment (ART) uptake across different contexts.
Methods and Findings: We used longitudinal data for 814,603 patients enrolling in HIV care between 1 January 2004 and 10 July 2018 in 6 countries participating in the global International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium: Burundi (N = 11,176), Kenya (N = 179,941), Malawi (N = 84,558), Rwanda (N = 17,396), Uganda (N = 96,286), and Zambia (N = 425,246). Using a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design, we assessed the change in the proportion initiating ART within 30 days of enrollment in HIV care (rapid ART initiation) after country-level adoption of the treat all policy. A modified Poisson model was used to identify factors associated with failure to initiate ART rapidly under treat all. In each of the 6 countries, over 60% of included patients were female, and median age at enrollment ranged from 32 to 36 years. In all countries studied, national adoption of treat all was associated with large increases in rapid ART initiation. Significant increases in rapid ART initiation immediately after treat all policy adoption were observed in Rwanda, from 44.4% to 78.9% of patients (34.5 percentage points [pp], 95% CI 27.2 to 41.7; p < 0.001), Kenya (25.7 pp, 95% CI 21.8 to 29.5; p < 0.001), Burundi (17.7 pp, 95% CI 6.5 to 28.9; p = 0.002), and Malawi (12.5 pp, 95% CI 7.5 to 17.5; p < 0.001), while no immediate increase was observed in Zambia (0.4 pp, 95% CI -2.9 to 3.8; p = 0.804) and Uganda (-4.2 pp, 95% CI -9.0 to 0.7; p = 0.090). The rate of rapid ART initiation accelerated sharply following treat all policy adoption in Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia; slowed in Kenya; and did not change in Rwanda and Burundi. In post hoc analyses restricted to patients enrolling under treat all, young adults (16-24 years) and men were at increased risk of not rapidly initiating ART (compared to older patients and women, respectively). However, rapid ART initiation following enrollment increased for all groups as more time elapsed since treat all policy adoption. Study limitations include incomplete data on potential ART eligibility criteria, such as clinical status, pregnancy, and enrollment CD4 count, which precluded the assessment of rapid ART initiation specifically among patients known to be eligible for ART before treat all.
Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that adoption of treat all policies had a strong effect on increasing rates of rapid ART initiation, and that these increases followed different trajectories across the 6 countries. Young adults and men still require additional attention to further improve rapid ART initiation.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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