| Autor: |
Zanotty Y; 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.; 2Sección de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Álvarez M; 2Sección de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Perdomo L; 2Sección de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Sánchez EE; 3Department of Chemistry, National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas., Giron ME; 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Jimenez JC; 4Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Suntravat M; 3Department of Chemistry, National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas., Guerrero B; 5Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela., Ibarra C; 5Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela., Montero Y; 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Medina R; 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Navarrete LF; 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Rodríguez-Acosta A; 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico 'José Izquierdo,' Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. |
| Abstrakt: |
Envenomation by the Venezuelan bushmaster snake ( Lachesis muta muta ) (Serpentes: Viperidae) is characterized by local and cardiac alterations. This study investigates the in vivo cardiac dysfunction, tissue destruction, and cellular processes triggered by Lachesis muta muta snake crude venom and a C-type lectin (CTL)-like toxin named Mutacytin-1 (MC-1). The 28 kDa MC-1 was obtained by molecular exclusion, ion exchange, and C-18 (checking pureness) reverse-phase chromatographies. N-terminal sequencing of the first eight amino acids (NNCPQ LLM) revealed 100% identity with Mutina (CTL-like) isolated from Lachesis stenophrys , which is a Ca 2+ -dependent-type galactoside-binding lectin from Bothrops jararaca and CTL BpLec from Bothrops pauloensis. The cardiotoxicity in zebrafish of MC-1 was evaluated by means of specific phenotypic expressions and larvae behavior at 5, 15, 30, 40 and 60 min post-treatment. The L. muta muta venom and MC-1 also produced heart rate/rhythm alterations, circulation modifications, and the presence of thrombus and apoptotic phenomenon with pericardial damages. Acridine orange (100 μg/mL) was used to visualize apoptosis cellular process in control and treated whole embryos. The cardiotoxic alterations happened in more than 90% of all larvae under the action of L. muta muta venom and MC-1. The findings have demonstrated the potential cardiotoxicity by L. muta muta venom, suggesting the possibility of cardiovascular damages to patients after bushmaster envenoming. |
