Toxicity in aquatic model species exposed to a temporal series of three different flowback and produced water samples collected from a horizontal hydraulically fractured well.

Autor: Folkerts EJ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: efolkert@ualberta.ca., Blewett TA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada., Delompré P; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada., Mehler WT; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada., Flynn SL; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK., Sun C; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9 Alberta, Canada., Zhang Y; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9 Alberta, Canada., Martin JW; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9 Alberta, Canada., Alessi DS; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Alberta, Canada., Goss GG; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2019 Sep 30; Vol. 180, pp. 600-609. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 May 24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.054
Abstrakt: In the present study, we compared the toxicity and associated chemical characterizations of flowback and produced water (FPW) collected from a single horizontal hydraulically fractured well at different time points during FPW production. Since few studies on whole mixture toxicity related to FPW exist, our aims were to determine both overall toxicity of the FPW mixture in a suite of organisms (Daphnia magna, Lumbriculus variegatus, Danio rerio, and Oncorhynchus mykiss) and also determine if toxicity changes depending on variation in FPW chemical properties as a function of time sampled (1.33, 72, and 228 h FPW samples collected immediately post-well production onset were analyzed in current study). FPW chemical composition was determined via quadra-pole inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), full-scan high performance liquid chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC/Orbitrap-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We observed that FPW sampled later in the production process contained higher ion and total dissolved solids concentrations, whereas the highest concentrations of dissolved organic compounds were observed in the earliest FPW sample analyzed. Toxicity associated with FPW exposure was deemed to be species-specific to a certain extent, but general trends revealed the earliest FPW sampled contained highest toxic potential. Accordingly, we theorize that although the saline conditions of FPW are the foremost toxicological drivers to freshwater organisms, dissolved organics associated with FPW significantly contribute to the overall toxicity of exposed organisms.
(Crown Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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