Structural determinants for peptide-bond formation by asparaginyl ligases.

Autor:	Hemu X; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., El Sahili A; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore.; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 636921 Singapore., Hu S; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore.; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 636921 Singapore., Wong K; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Chen Y; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Wong YH; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore.; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 636921 Singapore., Zhang X; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Serra A; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Goh BC; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 636921 Singapore.; Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602 Singapore., Darwis DA; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Chen MW; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Sze SK; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Liu CF; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore., Lescar J; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore; julien@ntu.edu.sg jptam@ntu.edu.sg.; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 636921 Singapore., Tam JP; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore; julien@ntu.edu.sg jptam@ntu.edu.sg.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2019 Jun 11; Vol. 116 (24), pp. 11737-11746. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 May 23.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1818568116
Abstrakt:	Asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) are cysteine proteases which break Asx (Asn/Asp)-Xaa bonds in acidic conditions. Despite sharing a conserved overall structure with AEPs, certain plant enzymes such as butelase 1 act as a peptide asparaginyl ligase (PAL) and catalyze Asx-Xaa bond formation in near-neutral conditions. PALs also serve as macrocyclases in the biosynthesis of cyclic peptides. Here, we address the question of how a PAL can function as a ligase rather than a protease. Based on sequence homology of butelase 1, we identified AEPs and PALs from the cyclic peptide-producing plants Viola yedoensis ( Vy ) and Viola canadensis ( Vc ) of the Violaceae family. Using a crystal structure of a PAL obtained at 2.4-Å resolution coupled to mutagenesis studies, we discovered ligase-activity determinants flanking the S1 site, namely LAD1 and LAD2 located around the S2 and S1' sites, respectively, which modulate ligase activity by controlling the accessibility of water or amine nucleophile to the S -ester intermediate. Recombinantly expressed Vy PAL1-3, predicted to be PALs, were confirmed to be ligases by functional studies. In addition, mutagenesis studies on Vy PAL1-3, Vy AEP1, and Vc AEP supported our prediction that LAD1 and LAD2 are important for ligase activity. In particular, mutagenesis targeting LAD2 selectively enhanced the ligase activity of Vy PAL3 and converted the protease Vc AEP into a ligase. The definition of structural determinants required for ligation activity of the asparaginyl ligases presented here will facilitate genomic identification of PALs and engineering of AEPs into PALs. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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