Response of cyanobacteria and phytoplankton abundance to warming, extreme rainfall events and nutrient enrichment.

Autor: Richardson J; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK.; Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK., Feuchtmayr H; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK., Miller C; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Hunter PD; Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK., Maberly SC; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK., Carvalho L; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global change biology [Glob Chang Biol] 2019 Oct; Vol. 25 (10), pp. 3365-3380. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 04.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14701
Abstrakt: Cyanobacterial blooms are an increasing threat to water quality and global water security caused by the nutrient enrichment of freshwaters. There is also a broad consensus that blooms are increasing with global warming, but the impacts of other concomitant environmental changes, such as an increase in extreme rainfall events, may affect this response. One of the potential effects of high rainfall events on phytoplankton communities is greater loss of biomass through hydraulic flushing. Here we used a shallow lake mesocosm experiment to test the combined effects of: warming (ambient vs. +4°C increase), high rainfall (flushing) events (no events vs. seasonal events) and nutrient loading (eutrophic vs. hypertrophic) on total phytoplankton chlorophyll-a and cyanobacterial abundance and composition. Our hypotheses were that: (a) total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial abundance would be higher in heated mesocosms; (b) the stimulatory effects of warming on cyanobacterial abundance would be enhanced in higher nutrient mesocosms, resulting in a synergistic interaction; (c) the recovery of biomass from flushing induced losses would be quicker in heated and nutrient-enriched treatments, and during the growing season. The results supported the first and, in part, the third hypotheses: total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial abundance increased in heated mesocosms with an increase in common bloom-forming taxa-Microcystis spp. and Dolichospermum spp. Recovery from flushing was slowest in the winter, but unaffected by warming or higher nutrient loading. Contrary to the second hypothesis, an antagonistic interaction between warming and nutrient enrichment was detected for both cyanobacteria and chlorophyll-a demonstrating that ecological surprises can occur, dependent on the environmental context. While this study highlights the clear need to mitigate against global warming, oversimplification of global change effects on cyanobacteria should be avoided; stressor gradients and seasonal effects should be considered as important factors shaping the response.
(© 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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