Comparing statistical learning across perceptual modalities in infancy: An investigation of underlying learning mechanism(s).

Autor: Emberson LL; Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey., Misyak JB; Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Schwade JA; Psychology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York., Christiansen MH; Psychology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York., Goldstein MH; Psychology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Developmental science [Dev Sci] 2019 Nov; Vol. 22 (6), pp. e12847. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 02.
DOI: 10.1111/desc.12847
Abstrakt: Statistical learning (SL), sensitivity to probabilistic regularities in sensory input, has been widely implicated in cognitive and perceptual development. Little is known, however, about the underlying mechanisms of SL and whether they undergo developmental change. One way to approach these questions is to compare SL across perceptual modalities. While a decade of research has compared auditory and visual SL in adults, we present the first direct comparison of visual and auditory SL in infants (8-10 months). Learning was evidenced in both perceptual modalities but with opposite directions of preference: Infants in the auditory condition displayed a novelty preference, while infants in the visual condition showed a familiarity preference. Interpreting these results within the Hunter and Ames model (1988), where familiarity preferences reflect a weaker stage of encoding than novelty preferences, we conclude that there is weaker learning in the visual modality than the auditory modality for this age. In addition, we found evidence of different developmental trajectories across modalities: Auditory SL increased while visual SL did not change for this age range. The results suggest that SL is not an abstract, amodal ability; for the types of stimuli and statistics tested, we find that auditory SL precedes the development of visual SL and is consistent with recent work comparing SL across modalities in older children.
(© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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