| Autor: |
Lackey KA; Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., Williams JE; Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., Meehan CL; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States., Zachek JA; Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., Benda ED; Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., Price WJ; Statistical Programs, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., Foster JA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., Sellen DW; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Kamau-Mbuthia EW; Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya., Kamundia EW; Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya., Mbugua S; Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya., Moore SE; Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.; MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia., Prentice AM; MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., K DG; Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia., Kvist LJ; Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Otoo GE; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., García-Carral C; Probisearch, Tres Cantos, Spain., Jiménez E; Probisearch, Tres Cantos, Spain., Ruiz L; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain., Rodríguez JM; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Pareja RG; Nutrition Research Institute, Lima, Peru., Bode L; Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States., McGuire MA; Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States., McGuire MK; Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Background: Microbial communities in human milk and those in feces from breastfed infants vary within and across populations. However, few researchers have conducted cross-cultural comparisons between populations, and little is known about whether certain "core" taxa occur normally within or between populations and whether variation in milk microbiome is related to variation in infant fecal microbiome. The purpose of this study was to describe microbiomes of milk produced by relatively healthy women living at diverse international sites and compare these to the fecal microbiomes of their relatively healthy infants. Methods: We analyzed milk ( n = 394) and infant feces ( n = 377) collected from mother/infant dyads living in 11 international sites (2 each in Ethiopia, The Gambia, and the US; 1 each in Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, and Sweden). The V1-V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize and compare microbial communities within and among cohorts. Results: Core genera in feces were Streptococcus, Escherichia/Shigella , and Veillonella , and in milk were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus , although substantial variability existed within and across cohorts. For instance, relative abundance of Lactobacillus was highest in feces from rural Ethiopia and The Gambia, and lowest in feces from Peru, Spain, Sweden, and the US; Rhizobium was relatively more abundant in milk produced by women in rural Ethiopia than all other cohorts. Bacterial diversity also varied among cohorts. For example, Shannon diversity was higher in feces from Kenya than Ghana and US-California, and higher in rural Ethiopian than Ghana, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and US-California. There were limited associations between individual genera in milk and feces, but community-level analyses suggest strong, positive associations between the complex communities in these sample types. Conclusions: Our data provide additional evidence of within- and among-population differences in milk and infant fecal bacterial community membership and diversity and support for a relationship between the bacterial communities in milk and those of the recipient infant's feces. Additional research is needed to understand environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors driving this variation and association, as well as its significance for acute and chronic maternal and infant health. |
