Arsenic exposure and serum antibody concentrations to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid in children at age 5: A prospective birth cohort in Bangladesh.

Autor: Welch BM; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, USA. Electronic address: welchba@oregonstate.edu., Branscum A; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA., Ahmed SM; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA., Hystad P; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA., Smit E; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA., Afroz S; Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Megowan M; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA., Golam M; Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Ibne Hasan MOS; Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Rahman ML; Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Quamruzzaman Q; Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Christiani DC; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, USA., Kile ML; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2019 Jun; Vol. 127, pp. 810-818. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Apr 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.015
Abstrakt: Background: Arsenic can impair immune function. Timing of exposure can influence potential immunotoxicity of arsenic exposure. We examined the association between drinking water arsenic concentrations (W-As) measured repeatedly during different exposure windows in early life and serum concentrations of IgG antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (diphtheria and tetanus antibody).
Methods: A prospective cohort of pregnant women was recruited in Bangladesh (2008-2011). Averaged W-As levels were calculated for: pregnancy (W-As pregnancy ): ≤16 weeks gestation and <1 month; toddlerhood (W-As toddlerhood ): 12 and 20-40 months; and early childhood (W-As childhood ): 4-5 years. Serum was collected from 502 vaccinated children at age 5 and concentrations of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid IgG (i.e. antibody) were quantified. Antibody concentrations >0.1 IU/mL were considered clinically sufficient for protection. Associations were estimated using linear and logistic regression models.
Results: Inverse associations were observed between W-As pregnancy and serum diphtheria antibody levels, while null associations were observed between W-As and tetanus antibody. Children within the highest versus lowest tertile of W-As pregnancy had 91% greater odds of having clinically insufficient concentrations of diphtheria antibody (Odds ratio:1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 3.56). Among females, a doubling in W-As pregnancy was associated with 12.3% (95%CI: -20.1%, -4.5%) lower median concentrations of diphtheria antibody. Tetanus antibody was only associated with W-As pregnancy among females (percent change in median: -9.5%, 95%CI: -17.6%, -1.3%). Among children who were stunted or underweight, a doubling in W-As pregnancy was associated with decreased diphtheria antibody of 19.8% (95%CI: -32%, -7.5%) and 14.3% (95%CI: -26.7%, -2%), respectively.
Conclusions: Among vaccinated children, W-As measured during pregnancy was associated with decreased diphtheria antibody levels, but not tetanus antibody. However, W-As measured during toddlerhood and early childhood were not associated with either antibody outcome. Children's sex and malnutrition status were important effect modifiers of W-As for both diphtheria and tetanus antibody levels, highlighting the importance of these factors and the timing of the exposure when evaluating the effect of arsenic on humoral immunity.
(Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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