Methods and consequences of including reduction in greenhouse gas emission in beef cattle multiple-trait selection.

Autor: Barwick SA; Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit (AGBU), University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia. sbarwick@une.edu.au., Henzell AL; Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit (AGBU), University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia., Herd RM; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, Armidale, 2351, Australia., Walmsley BJ; Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit (AGBU), University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia., Arthur PF; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE [Genet Sel Evol] 2019 Apr 29; Vol. 51 (1), pp. 18. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Apr 29.
DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0459-5
Abstrakt: Background: Societal pressures exist to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from farm animals, especially in beef cattle. Both total GHG and GHG emissions per unit of product decrease as productivity increases. Limitations of previous studies on GHG emissions are that they generally describe feed intake inadequately, assess the consequences of selection on particular traits only, or examine consequences for only part of the production chain. Here, we examine GHG emissions for the whole production chain, with the estimated cost of carbon included as an extra cost on traits in the breeding objective of the production system.
Methods: We examined an example beef production system where economic merit was measured from weaning to slaughter. The estimated cost of the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 -e) associated with feed intake change is included in the economic values calculated for the breeding objective traits and comes in addition to the cost of the feed associated with trait change. GHG emission effects on the production system are accumulated over the breeding objective traits, and the reduction in GHG emissions is evaluated, for different carbon prices, both for the individual animal and the production system.
Results: Multiple-trait selection in beef cattle can reduce total GHG and GHG emissions per unit of product while increasing economic performance if the cost of feed in the breeding objective is high. When carbon price was $10, $20, $30 and $40/ton CO 2 -e, selection decreased total GHG emissions by 1.1, 1.6, 2.1 and 2.6% per generation, respectively. When the cost of feed for the breeding objective was low, selection reduced total GHG emissions only if carbon price was high (~ $80/ton CO 2 -e). Ignoring the costs of GHG emissions when feed cost was low substantially increased emissions (e.g. 4.4% per generation or ~ 8.8% in 10 years).
Conclusions: The ability to reduce GHG emissions in beef cattle depends on the cost of feed in the breeding objective of the production system. Multiple-trait selection will reduce emissions, while improving economic performance, if the cost of feed in the breeding objective is high. If it is low, greater growth will be favoured, leading to an increase in GHG emissions that may be undesirable.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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