| Autor: |
Singh RK; a ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India., Dhama K; b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India., Chakraborty S; c Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry , West Tripura , India., Tiwari R; d Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India., Natesan S; e Biomac Life Sciences Pvt Ltd. , Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India., Khandia R; f Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , Barkatullah University , Bhopal , India., Munjal A; f Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , Barkatullah University , Bhopal , India., Vora KS; g Wheels India Niswarth (WIN) Foundation, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) , University of Canberra , Gujarat , India., Latheef SK; b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India., Karthik K; h Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India., Singh Malik Y; i Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India., Singh R; b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India., Chaicumpa W; j Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand., Mourya DT; k National Institute of Virology , Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India , Pune , India. |
| Abstrakt: |
Nipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens. |
