Effects of Homeopathic Phosphorus on Encephalitozoon cuniculi-Infected Macrophages In-Vitro.

Autor:	Nagai MY; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Dalboni LC; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Cardoso TN; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Correia MS; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Pinto SAG; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Pinto AAG; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Coelho CP; Universidade de Santo Amaro - UNISA, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; HD Science, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil., Alvarez-Saraiva A; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Peres GB; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Lallo MA; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Bonamin LV; Research Center, Graduating Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy [Homeopathy] 2019 Aug; Vol. 108 (3), pp. 188-200. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Apr 18.
DOI:	10.1055/s-0039-1678700
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Encephalitozoon cuniculi ( E. cuniculi ), a fungus that acts as an intracellular pathogen, causes a marked neurological syndrome in many host species and is a zoonotic concern. Although no well-established treatment for this syndrome is known, previous successful clinical experience using homeopathic phosphorus has been described in which symptom remission with no mortality occurred in 40/42 animals by means of unknown immunological mechanisms. The latter observation was the main motivation for this study. Objective: To verify, in an in-vitro model, if macrophages infected with E. cuniculi can change in function after treatment with different potencies of phosphorus. Materials and Methods: RAW 264.7 macrophages were infected with E. cuniculi in-vitro and treated with various homeopathic potencies of phosphorus. The vehicle was used as a control solution (0.06% succussed ethanol). After 1 and 24 hours, the following parameters were analyzed: parasite internalization (by the Calcofluor staining method), lysosome activity (by the acridine orange method), cytokine/chemokine production (by the MAGPIX system), and cell ultrastructure. Automatic image analysis was used when applicable, and the experiments were performed in triplicate. Results: Treatment with vehicle alone increased interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein -1 production ( p  ≤ 0.05) and reduced the number of internalized parasites ( p  ≤ 0.001). A progressive and time-dependent increase in RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) and lysosome activity ( p  ≤ 0.002) was observed only after treatment with the highest potency of phosphorus ( Phos 200cH), together with decreased apoptosis rate, intense parasite digestion, and the presence of non-internalized spores. Conclusions: Phos 200 cH has a modulatory action on the activity of infected macrophages, especially a specific increase in RANTES, a key element in the prognosis of E. cuniculi -infected and of immunosuppressed patients bearing infections. Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest related to this project. (The Faculty of Homeopathy.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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