Association of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis With Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals at High Risk of HIV Infection.

Autor:	Traeger MW; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Cornelisse VJ; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Prahran Market Clinic, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Asselin J; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Price B; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Roth NJ; Prahran Market Clinic, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Willcox J; Northside Clinic, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Tee BK; Centre Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Fairley CK; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Chang CC; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Armishaw J; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Vujovic O; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Penn M; PRONTO! Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Cundill P; PRONTO! Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Forgan-Smith G; ERA Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Gall J; ERA Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Pickett C; Ballarat Community Health Centre, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia., Lal L; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Mak A; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Spelman TD; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Nguyen L; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Murphy DA; Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Ryan KE; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., El-Hayek C; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., West M; Sexual Health and Viral Hepatitis Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Government of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Ruth S; Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Batrouney C; Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Lockwood JT; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Hoy JF; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Hellard ME; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Stoové MA; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Wright EJ; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	JAMA [JAMA] 2019 Apr 09; Vol. 321 (14), pp. 1380-1390.
DOI:	10.1001/jama.2019.2947
Abstrakt:	Importance: Emerging evidence suggests that risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increases among gay and bisexual men following initiation of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Objective: To describe STI incidence and behavioral risk factors among a cohort of predominantly gay and bisexual men who use PrEP, and to explore changes in STI incidence following PrEP commencement. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Expanded (PrEPX) Study, a multisite, open-label intervention study, was nested within the Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) clinic network. A total of 4275 participants were enrolled (July 26, 2016-April 1, 2018) in Victoria, Australia. Of these, 2981 enrolled at 5 ACCESS clinics (3 primary care, 1 sexual health, and 1 community-based HIV rapid testing service), had at least 1 follow-up visit, and were monitored until April 30, 2018. Exposures: Upon enrollment, participants received daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumurate and emtricitabine for HIV PrEP, quarterly HIV and STI testing, and clinical monitoring. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis. Incidence rates and hazard ratios describing behavioral risk factors of STI diagnosis were calculated. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs), adjusted for change in testing frequency, described changes in STI incidence from 1-year preenrollment to study follow-up among participants with preenrollment testing data (n = 1378). Results: Among the 2981 individuals (median age, 34 years [interquartile range, 28-42]), 98.5% identified as gay or bisexual males, 29% used PrEP prior to enrollment, 89 (3%) withdrew and were censored at date of withdrawal, leaving 2892 (97.0%) enrolled at final follow-up. During a mean follow-up of 1.1 years (3185.0 person-years), 2928 STIs were diagnosed among 1427 (48%) participants (1434 chlamydia, 1242 gonorrhea, 252 syphilis). STI incidence was 91.9 per 100 person-years, with 736 participants (25%) accounting for 2237 (76%) of all STIs. Among 2058 participants with complete data for multivariable analysis, younger age, greater partner number, and group sex were associated with greater STI risk, but condom use was not. Among 1378 participants with preenrollment testing data, STI incidence increased from 69.5 per 100 person-years prior to enrollment to 98.4 per 100 person-years during follow-up (IRR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.29-1.56]). After adjusting for testing frequency, the increase in incidence from 1 year preenrollment to follow-up was significant for any STI (adjusted IRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.02-1.23]) and for chlamydia (adjusted IRR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.04-1.33]). Conclusions and Relevance: Among gay and bisexual men using PrEP, STIs were highly concentrated among a subset, and receipt of PrEP after study enrollment was associated with an increased incidence of STIs compared with preenrollment. These findings highlight the importance of frequent STI testing among gay and bisexual men using PrEP.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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