Morphological and genetic diversity of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) in Uganda.

Autor: Gopaulchan D; 1Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Sir Frank Stockdale Bldg., St. Augustine, 330912 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago., Motilal LA; 1Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Sir Frank Stockdale Bldg., St. Augustine, 330912 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago., Bekele FL; 1Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Sir Frank Stockdale Bldg., St. Augustine, 330912 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago., Clause S; Sunshine Agro Products Ltd, 24, Avenue de la Toison d'Or, 1050 Brussels, Belgium., Ariko JO; Sunshine Agro Products Ltd, 24, Avenue de la Toison d'Or, 1050 Brussels, Belgium., Ejang HP; Sunshine Agro Products Ltd, 24, Avenue de la Toison d'Or, 1050 Brussels, Belgium., Umaharan P; 1Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Sir Frank Stockdale Bldg., St. Augustine, 330912 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology [Physiol Mol Biol Plants] 2019 Mar; Vol. 25 (2), pp. 361-375. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jan 01.
DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0632-2
Abstrakt: Cocoa is among the top foreign exchange earners in Uganda's agriculture sector and has benefitted the livelihood of farmers involved in production. Although cacao cultivation was adopted in the early 1900s, little is known about the on-farm diversity of the crop. A total of 125 cacao landraces were surveyed from eight districts in the Central and Western Regions to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity of cacao in Uganda. Passport data included site, tree, fruit and seed information. Trees were genotyped using 96 single nucleotide polymorphism markers on a Fluidigm platform. Low heterozygosity was detected in the germplasm in both the Central [observed heterozygosity ( H o ) = 0.295, expected heterozygosity ( H e ) = 0.334] and Western Regions ( H o  = 0.317, H e  = 0.322). Genetic variation in both regions was generally comparable but the regions could be differentiated from each other. Inbreeding was noted in the Central Region while a greater sharing of genetic material was observed in the Western Region. The morphological and genetic data indicated that the Ugandan collection was an interspersed group with low to moderate variation with some separation of the Central from Western regions. Ancestry analysis indicated that the majority of the accessions were hybrids of Marañon lineage but also had Amelonado and Iquitos genetic backgrounds. These findings are consistent with the history of the movement of cacao into Uganda. A core collection of 18 individuals to represent the genetic diversity as well as 12 additional trees with possible advantageous traits is proposed.
Competing Interests: Compliance with ethical standardsThe authors declare they have no conflict of interest.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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