| Autor: |
Algarve TD; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.; Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Building 19, Room 3101, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil., Assmann CE; Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Building 19, Room 3101, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil., Cadoná FC; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, University of the West of Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Brazil., Machado AK; Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil., Manica-Cattani MF; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan., Sato-Miyata Y; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan., Asano T; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan., Duarte MMMF; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil., Ribeiro EE; Open Third Age University Foundation of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil., Aigaki T; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan., da Cruz IBM; Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Building 19, Room 3101, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil. ibmcruz@hotmail.com.; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil. ibmcruz@hotmail.com. |
| Abstrakt: |
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental pollutant associated with neurological and developmental deficits in animals and humans. However, epidemiological data showed that people living in the Amazon region although exposed to MeHg do not present these effects probably due to the protective effect of certain foods. We hypothesized here if guarana, a highly caffeinated fruit and consumed on a daily basis by Amazon people, could have some protective effect against MeHg toxicity using two complementary approaches. To assess locomotor impairment and sleep disruption, we used fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model, and to evaluate neuroinflammation, we used human SH-SY5Y neural cells by measuring inflammatory cytokines levels. Results showed that guarana had a protective effect on the locomotor activity of male fruit flies reducing the excessive sleepiness caused by MeHg and increasing daily activity. Also, guarana increased the viability of flies and attenuated neural cells mortality. In addition, guarana reduced all pro-inflammatory cytokines levels increased by MeHg, along with caspase-1, caspase -3, caspase-8, and 8-dOHG levels, whereas increased the anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels, which was decreased by MeHg. Our study provides new insights on the protective effects of guarana on the viability, locomotor activity, sleep, and activity patterns in vivo and the in vitro neuronal anti-inflammatory effect against MeHg toxicity. |
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