| Autor: |
Silva TR; Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), P.O. Box: 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil. tiago04@gmail.com.; Division of Microbial Resources, Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil. tiago04@gmail.com., Tavares RSN; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil., Canela-Garayoa R; Department of Chemistry, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain., Eras J; Department of Chemistry, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain., Rodrigues MVN; Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil., Neri-Numa IA; Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil., Pastore GM; Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil., Rosa LH; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil., Schultz JAA; Department of Data Science, Telcel, Mexico City, Mexico., Debonsi HM; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil., Cordeiro LRG; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil., Oliveira VM; Division of Microbial Resources, Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
Considering the global trend in the search for alternative natural compounds with antioxidant and sun protection factor (SPF) boosting properties, bacterial carotenoids represent an opportunity for exploring pigments of natural origin which possess high antioxidant activity, lower toxicity, no residues, and no environmental risk and are readily decomposable. In this work, three pigmented bacteria from the Antarctic continent, named Arthrobacter agilis 50cyt, Zobellia laminarie 465, and Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus 366, were able to withstand UV-B and UV-C radiation. The pigments were extracted and tested for UV absorption, antioxidant capacity, photostability, and phototoxicity profile in murine fibroblasts (3T3 NRU PT-OECD TG 432) to evaluate their further potential use as UV filters. Furthermore, the pigments were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS). The results showed that all pigments presented a very high antioxidant activity and good stability under exposure to UV light. However, except for a fraction of the A. agilis 50cyt pigment, they were shown to be phototoxic. A total of 18 different carotenoids were identified from 23 that were separated on a C18 column. The C50 carotenes bacterioruberin and decaprenoxanthin (including its variations) were confirmed for A. agilis 50cyt and A. psychrochitiniphilus 366, respectively. All-trans-bacterioruberin was identified as the pigment that did not express phototoxic activity in the 3T3 NRU PT assay (MPE < 0.1). Zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and phytoene were detected in Z. laminarie 465. In conclusion, carotenoids identified in this work from Antarctic bacteria open perspectives for their further biotechnological application towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way of pigment exploitation. |
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