| Autor: |
Alyamani EJ; National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Marcus SA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Ramirez-Busby SM; Laboratory for Pathogenesis of Clinical Drug Resistance and Persistence, Biomedical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA., Hansen C; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Rashid J; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., El-Kholy A; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Spalink D; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA., Valafar F; Laboratory for Pathogenesis of Clinical Drug Resistance and Persistence, Biomedical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA., Almehdar HA; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., A Jiman-Fatani A; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Khiyami MA; National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Talaat AM; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Adel.Talaat@wisc.edu. |
| Abstrakt: |
Tuberculosis (TB) represents a significant challenge to public health authorities, especially with the emergence of drug-resistant (DR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We sought to examine the genomic variations among recently isolated strains of M. tuberculosis in two closely related countries with different population demography in the Middle East. Clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from both Egypt and Saudi Arabia were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic analysis on gene and genome-wide levels. Isolates with MDR phenotypes were highly prevalent in Egypt (up to 35%) despite its relatively stable population structure (sympatric pattern). MDR-TB isolates were not identified in the isolates from Saudi Arabia despite its active guest worker program (allopatric pattern). However, tuberculosis isolates from Saudi Arabia, where lineage 4 was more prevalent (>65%), showed more diversity than isolates from Egypt, where lineage 3 was the most prevalent (>75%). Phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses indicated that lineages from Egypt were recently diverged (~78 years), whereas those from Saudi Arabia were diverged by over 200 years. Interestingly, DR isolates did not appear to cluster together or spread more widely than drug-sensitive isolates, suggesting poor treatment as the main cause for emergence of drug resistance rather than more virulence or more capacity to persist. |
