| Autor: |
Khoury JM; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Human Ecology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular Medicine (Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Couto LFSC; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Santos DA; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., E Silva VHO; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Drumond JPS; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Human Ecology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Silva LLCE; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Human Ecology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Malloy-Diniz L; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular Medicine (Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Albuquerque MR; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular Medicine (Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; INCT of Molecular Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., das Neves MCL; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular Medicine (Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; INCT of Molecular Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Duarte Garcia F; Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular Medicine (Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; INCT of Molecular Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais–UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Unité Inserm U1073, Rouen, France. |
| Abstrakt: |
Introduction: Smartphone Addiction (SA) has caused negative consequences and functional impairments in college students, such as reduction of academic performance and impairment in sleep quality. Studies have shown that individuals with chemical and behavioral dependencies have a bias in decision-making process, which leads to short-term advantageous choices even if they cause long-term harm. This bias in decision-making process is accompanied by a change in somatic markers and is associated with the development and maintenance of addictive behavior. The decision-making process and the measurement of physiological parameters have not yet been analyzed in SA. The neuropsychological and physiological characterization of the SA can contribute to its approach with the other dependency syndromes and to its recognition as a disease. Objective: we aimed to evaluate the decision-making process under risk and under ambiguity in individuals with SA and to measure the physiological parameters that accompany this process. Method: We compared the performance in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Game of Dice Task (GDT) and skin conductance response (SCR) between 50 individuals with SA and 50 controls. Results: Smartphone dependents presented a profile of impairment in decision-making under ambiguity, without impairment in decision-making under risk. They demonstrated lower SCR before disadvantageous choices, higher SCR after rewards and lower SCR after punishments during decision-making, which suggests difficulty in recognizing disadvantageous alternatives, high sensitivity to rewards, and low sensitivity to punishments. Conclusion: The impairment in the decision-making process in smartphone dependents is similar to that found in other chemical and behavioral addictions, such as alcohol addiction, gambling disorders and pathological buy. The impairment in decision under ambiguity with preservation of decision under risk may reflect dysfunction of implicit emotional processes without dysfunction of explicit cognitive process. This profile can contribute to the recognition of SA as a behavioral dependence and to guide specific preventive and therapeutic strategies. |
