Unprocessed Atmospheric Nitrate in Waters of the Northern Forest Region in the U.S. and Canada.

Autor: Sebestyen SD; USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , 1831 Highway 169 E , Grand Rapids , Minnesota 55744-3399 , United States., Ross DS; University of Vermont , Dept. of Plant and Soil Science , Burlington , Vermont 05405-1737 , United States., Shanley JB; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , New England Water Science Center , Montpelier , Vermont 05602 , United States., Elliott EM; University of Pittsburgh , Dept. of Geology and Environmental Science , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260-3332 , United States., Kendall C; USGS , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States., Campbell JL; USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States., Dail DB; University of Maine , Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States., Fernandez IJ; University of Maine , School of Forest Resources , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States., Goodale CL; Cornell University , Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States., Lawrence GB; USGS , NY Water Science Center , Troy , New York 12180 , United States., Lovett GM; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies , Millbrook , New York 12545 , United States., McHale PJ; State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Department of Environmental and Forest Biology , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States., Mitchell MJ; State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Department of Environmental and Forest Biology , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States., Nelson SJ; University of Maine , School of Forest Resources , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States., Shattuck MD; University of New Hampshire , Dept. of Natural Resources and the Environment , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States., Wickman TR; USDA Forest Service , National Forest System - Eastern Region , Duluth , Minnesota 55808 , United States., Barnes RT; Colorado College , Environmental Program , Colorado Springs , Colorado 80903 , United States., Bostic JT; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Appalachian Laboratory , Frostburg , Maryland 21532 , United States., Buda AR; USDA Agricultural Research Service , Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802-3702 , United States., Burns DA; USGS , NY Water Science Center , Troy , New York 12180 , United States., Eshleman KN; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Appalachian Laboratory , Frostburg , Maryland 21532 , United States., Finlay JC; University of Minnesota , Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States., Nelson DM; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Appalachian Laboratory , Frostburg , Maryland 21532 , United States., Ohte N; Kyoto University , Department of Social Informatics , Kyoto , Kyoto Prefecture 6068501 , Japan., Pardo LH; USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States., Rose LA; University of Minnesota , Department of Forest Resources , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States., Sabo RD; USDA Forest Service , Northern Research Station , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States., Schiff SL; University of Waterloo , Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada., Spoelstra J; Environment and Climate Change Canada , Canada Center for Inland Waters , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada., Williard KWJ; Southern Illinois University , Forestry Center for Ecology , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2019 Apr 02; Vol. 53 (7), pp. 3620-3633. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Mar 15.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01276
Abstrakt: Little is known about the regional extent and variability of nitrate from atmospheric deposition that is transported to streams without biological processing in forests. We measured water chemistry and isotopic tracers (δ 18 O and δ 15 N) of nitrate sources across the Northern Forest Region of the U.S. and Canada and reanalyzed data from other studies to determine when, where, and how unprocessed atmospheric nitrate was transported in catchments. These inputs were more widespread and numerous than commonly recognized, but with high spatial and temporal variability. Only 6 of 32 streams had high fractions (>20%) of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate during baseflow. Seventeen had high fractions during stormflow or snowmelt, which corresponded to large fractions in near-surface soil waters or groundwaters, but not deep groundwater. The remaining 10 streams occasionally had some (<20%) unprocessed atmospheric nitrate during stormflow or baseflow. Large, sporadic events may continue to be cryptic due to atmospheric deposition variation among storms and a near complete lack of monitoring for these events. A general lack of observance may bias perceptions of occurrence; sustained monitoring of chronic nitrogen pollution effects on forests with nitrate source apportionments may offer insights needed to advance the science as well as assess regulatory and management schemes.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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