| Autor: |
Rivkin LR; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.; Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada., Santangelo JS; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.; Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada., Alberti M; Department of Urban Design and Planning University of Washington Seattle Washington., Aronson MFJ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey., de Keyzer CW; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada., Diamond SE; Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio., Fortin MJ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada., Frazee LJ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey., Gorton AJ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota., Hendry AP; Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada., Liu Y; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada., Losos JB; Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts.; Department of Biology Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis Missouri., MacIvor JS; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada.; Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada., Martin RA; Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio., McDonnell MJ; School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia., Miles LS; Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia., Munshi-South J; Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station Fordham University Armonk New York., Ness RW; Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada., Newman AEM; Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada., Stothart MR; Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada., Theodorou P; General Zoology, Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany., Thompson KA; Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology University of British Columbia British Columbia Canada., Verrelli BC; Center for Life Sciences Education Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia.; Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia., Whitehead A; Department of Environmental Toxicology University of California Davis Davis California., Winchell KM; Department of Biology Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis Missouri.; Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts., Johnson MTJ; Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada. |
| Abstrakt: |
Urban ecosystems are rapidly expanding throughout the world, but how urban growth affects the evolutionary ecology of species living in urban areas remains largely unknown. Urban ecology has advanced our understanding of how the development of cities and towns change environmental conditions and alter ecological processes and patterns. However, despite decades of research in urban ecology, the extent to which urbanization influences evolutionary and eco-evolutionary change has received little attention. The nascent field of urban evolutionary ecology seeks to understand how urbanization affects the evolution of populations, and how those evolutionary changes in turn influence the ecological dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Following a brief history of this emerging field, this Perspective article provides a research agenda and roadmap for future research aimed at advancing our understanding of the interplay between ecology and evolution of urban-dwelling organisms. We identify six key questions that, if addressed, would significantly increase our understanding of how urbanization influences evolutionary processes. These questions consider how urbanization affects nonadaptive evolution, natural selection, and convergent evolution, in addition to the role of urban environmental heterogeneity on species evolution, and the roles of phenotypic plasticity versus adaptation on species' abundance in cities. Our final question examines the impact of urbanization on evolutionary diversification. For each of these six questions, we suggest avenues for future research that will help advance the field of urban evolutionary ecology. Lastly, we highlight the importance of integrating urban evolutionary ecology into urban planning, conservation practice, pest management, and public engagement. |
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