White shark genome reveals ancient elasmobranch adaptations associated with wound healing and the maintenance of genome stability.

Autor:	Marra NJ; Save Our Seas Shark Research Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004.; Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004.; Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Stanhope MJ; Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; mjs297@cornell.edu sobrien1@nova.edu mahmood@nova.edu., Jue NK; School of Natural Sciences, California State University, Seaside, CA 93955., Wang M; Institute of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Sun Q; Institute of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Pavinski Bitar P; Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Richards VP; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634., Komissarov A; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia., Rayko M; Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute for Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia., Kliver S; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia., Stanhope BJ; Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Winkler C; Aquatic Research Consultants, San Pedro, CA 90732., O'Brien SJ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; mjs297@cornell.edu sobrien1@nova.edu mahmood@nova.edu.; Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33004., Antunes A; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal., Jorgensen S; Conservation Research Department, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940., Shivji MS; Save Our Seas Shark Research Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004; mjs297@cornell.edu sobrien1@nova.edu mahmood@nova.edu.; Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2019 Mar 05; Vol. 116 (10), pp. 4446-4455. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 19.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1819778116
Abstrakt:	The white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias ; Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) is one of the most publicly recognized marine animals. Here we report the genome sequence of the white shark and comparative evolutionary genomic analyses to the chondrichthyans, whale shark (Elasmobranchii) and elephant shark (Holocephali), as well as various vertebrates. The 4.63-Gbp white shark genome contains 24,520 predicted genes, and has a repeat content of 58.5%. We provide evidence for a history of positive selection and gene-content enrichments regarding important genome stability-related genes and functional categories, particularly so for the two elasmobranchs. We hypothesize that the molecular adaptive emphasis on genome stability in white and whale sharks may reflect the combined selective pressure of large genome sizes, high repeat content, high long-interspersed element retrotransposon representation, large body size, and long lifespans, represented across these two species. Molecular adaptation for wound healing was also evident, with positive selection in key genes involved in the wound-healing process, as well as Gene Ontology enrichments in fundamental wound-healing pathways. Sharks, particularly apex predators such as the white shark, are believed to have an acute sense of smell. However, we found very few olfactory receptor genes, very few trace amine-associated receptors, and extremely low numbers of G protein-coupled receptors. We did however, identify 13 copies of vomeronasal type 2 (V2R) genes in white shark and 10 in whale shark; this, combined with the over 30 V2Rs reported previously for elephant shark, suggests this gene family may underlie the keen odorant reception of chondrichthyans. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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