The influence of sex and estrous cyclicity on cocaine and remifentanil demand in rats.

Autor: Lacy RT; Department of Psychology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA., Austin BP; Department of Psychology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA., Strickland JC; Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Addiction biology [Addict Biol] 2020 Jan; Vol. 25 (1), pp. e12716. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 19.
DOI: 10.1111/adb.12716
Abstrakt: The application of behavioral economic demand theory in addiction science has proved useful for evaluating individual characteristics underlying abuse liability. Two factors that have received comparably little attention within this literature are sex and gonadal hormones. We determined cocaine and remifentanil demand in male and female rats using a within-session procedure. Cocaine and remifentanil demand were evaluated for 15 consecutive days using a balanced, crossover design that randomized drug order. This design allowed for the evaluation of temporal and exposure effects on two independent dimensions of demand, unconstrained demand (Q 0 ) and demand elasticity (α). Estrous cyclicity was tracked to determine the contribution of phase to demand. No overall sex differences were observed. Increased unconstrained demand for cocaine and remifentanil was observed in females during periods in which estrogen was high (eg, estrus phase). Unconstrained remifentanil demand escalated over the 15-day testing period, but escalation was not observed for cocaine or for demand elasticity. A significant exposure effect was also observed in which greater prior remifentanil intake increased unconstrained cocaine demand and reduced cocaine demand elasticity. These effects were directionally specific as no significant effects of prior cocaine exposure were observed on remifentanil demand measures. These data suggest that unconstrained demand and demand elasticity do not differ between male and female subjects; however, that unconstrained demand is associated with estrous cyclicity. These findings also suggest that opioid exposure enhances subsequent demand for psychomotor stimulants, which may be important when considering recent increases in nonmedical prescription opioid use in the United States.
(© 2019 The Authors.Addiction Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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