Inflammatory features of obesity and smoke exposure and the immunologic effects of exercise.
| Autor: | Batatinha HAP; Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Rosa Neto JC; Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Krüger K; Department of Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Exercise immunology review [Exerc Immunol Rev] 2019; Vol. 25, pp. 96-111. |
| Abstrakt: | Many lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary diseases, are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which has been shown to contribute to the disease initiation and progression, and also for co-morbidities of these diseases. While the source of inflammation in obese subjects is suggested to be mainly the visceral adipose tissue, smoke-induced inflammation originates in the pulmonary system. Here, chronic cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress, resulting in severe cellular damage. During obesity, metabolic stress pathways in adipocytes induce inflammatory cascades which are also accompanied by fibrotic processes and insulin resistance. In both diseases, local inflammatory signals induce progressive immune cell infiltration, release of cytokines and a subsequent spill-over of inflammation to the systemic circulation. Exercise training represents an effective therapeutic and immune regulating strategy for both obese patients, as well as for patients with smoke induced pulmonary inflammation. While the immuneregulating impact of exercise might primarily depend on the disease state, patients with pulmonary inflammation seem to be less responsive to exercise therapy. The current review tries to identify similarities and differences between inflammatory processes, and the consequences for the immunoregulatory effects of exercise as a therapeutic agent. (Copyright © 2019 International Society of Exercise and Immunology. All rights reserved.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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