| Autor: |
Koduru SV; Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. skoduru@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. skoduru@pennstatehealth.psu.edu., Leberfinger AN; Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA., Pasic D; Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA., Forghani A; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA., Lince S; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA., Hayes DJ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA., Ozbolat IT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA., Ravnic DJ; Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. dravnic@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. dravnic@pennstatehealth.psu.edu. |
| Abstrakt: |
Vascularization is a major hurdle in complex tissue and organ engineering. Tissues greater than 200 μm in diameter cannot rely on simple diffusion to obtain nutrients and remove waste. Therefore, an integrated vascular network is required for clinical translation of engineered tissues. Microvessels have been described as <150 μm in diameter, but clinically they are defined as <1 mm. With new advances in super microsurgery, vessels less than 1 mm can be anastomosed to the recipient circulation. However, this technical advancement still relies on the creation of a stable engineered microcirculation that is amenable to surgical manipulation and is readily perfusable. Microvascular engineering lays on the crossroads of microfabrication, microfluidics, and tissue engineering strategies that utilize various cellular constituents. Early research focused on vascularization by co-culture and cellular interactions, with the addition of angiogenic growth factors to promote vascular growth. Since then, multiple strategies have been utilized taking advantage of innovations in additive manufacturing, biomaterials, and cell biology. However, the anatomy and dynamics of native blood vessels has not been consistently replicated. Inconsistent results can be partially attributed to cell sourcing which remains an enigma for microvascular engineering. Variations of endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and stem cells have all been used for microvascular network fabrication along with various mural cells. As each source offers advantages and disadvantages, there continues to be a lack of consensus. Furthermore, discord may be attributed to incomplete understanding about cell isolation and characterization without considering the microvascular architecture of the desired tissue/organ. |
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