Injury epidemiology and risk factors in competitive artistic gymnasts: a systematic review.

Autor:	Campbell RA; University of Canberra Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Applied Technology and Innovation, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Bradshaw EJ; Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand., Ball NB; University of Canberra Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Pease DL; Applied Technology and Innovation, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Spratford W; University of Canberra Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	British journal of sports medicine [Br J Sports Med] 2019 Sep; Vol. 53 (17), pp. 1056-1069. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jan 22.
DOI:	10.1136/bjsports-2018-099547
Abstrakt:	Background: Artistic gymnastics is reported to have some of the highest injury rates in sports, which limits participation and often involves considerable medical expenses. Purpose: To critically appraise the epidemiological literature on injury patterns and risk factors in competitive artistic gymnastics. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Six databases were searched for articles that investigated injuries in competitive artistic gymnasts. Injury incidence, prevalence and risk factor data were extracted, alongside information on injury location, type, severity, nature and mechanism of injury. Quality and level of evidence were assessed using a modified Downs and Black quality index checklist and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine guidelines. Results: The search identified 894 articles, with 22 eligible for inclusion. Descriptive analysis showed that injury incidence and prevalence varied from 0.3 to 3.6 injuries per gymnast (female=0.3-3.6, male=0.7) and 2.0-2.3 (female=2.0-2.3, male=2.0), respectively. Male gymnasts sustained mostly upper limb injuries, while female gymnast reported lower limb injuries. Floor was associated with the greatest number of injuries for both male and female gymnasts. Higher competitive level and exposure to competition were risk factors for gymnastics injury: age, body mass, body size, training duration and life stress were significant associated factors. Conclusion: Injury incidence and prevalence results are substantial among artistic gymnasts of all competitive levels. Gymnasts who train at highly competitive levels and are exposed to competition environments are a greater risk of injury. Future researchers should implement consistent reporting methods. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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