Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Autor:	Busse JW; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Wang L; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Chinese Cochrane Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu., Kamaleldin M; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Craigie S; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Riva JJ; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Montoya L; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Mulla SM; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Now with the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Lopes LC; Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Vogel N; Leonardo Hirslanden Klinik Birshof, Münchenstein, Switzerland., Chen E; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Kirmayr K; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., De Oliveira K; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Olivieri L; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Kaushal A; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada., Chaparro LE; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Oyberman I; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Agarwal A; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Couban R; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Tsoi L; Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China., Lam T; Accident and Emergency Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China., Vandvik PO; Department of Medicine, Gjøvik, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway., Hsu S; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Bala MM; Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland., Schandelmaier S; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland., Scheidecker A; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Anesthesiology, Operative Intensive Care, Preclinical Emergency Medicine and Pain Management, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland., Ebrahim S; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Ashoorion V; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Isfahan Medical Education Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Rehman Y; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Canadian Academy of Osteopathy, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Hong PJ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Ross S; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Johnston BC; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada., Kunz R; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland., Sun X; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Chinese Cochrane Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu., Buckley N; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Sessler DI; Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio., Guyatt GH; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	JAMA [JAMA] 2018 Dec 18; Vol. 320 (23), pp. 2448-2460.
DOI:	10.1001/jama.2018.18472
Abstrakt:	Importance: Harms and benefits of opioids for chronic noncancer pain remain unclear. Objective: To systematically review randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of opioids for chronic noncancer pain. Data Sources and Study Selection: The databases of CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, AMED, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to April 2018 for RCTs of opioids for chronic noncancer pain vs any nonopioid control. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Paired reviewers independently extracted data. The analyses used random-effects models and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to rate the quality of the evidence. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were pain intensity (score range, 0-10 cm on a visual analog scale for pain; lower is better and the minimally important difference [MID] is 1 cm), physical functioning (score range, 0-100 points on the 36-item Short Form physical component score [SF-36 PCS]; higher is better and the MID is 5 points), and incidence of vomiting. Results: Ninety-six RCTs including 26 169 participants (61% female; median age, 58 years [interquartile range, 51-61 years]) were included. Of the included studies, there were 25 trials of neuropathic pain, 32 trials of nociceptive pain, 33 trials of central sensitization (pain present in the absence of tissue damage), and 6 trials of mixed types of pain. Compared with placebo, opioid use was associated with reduced pain (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.69 cm [95% CI, -0.82 to -0.56 cm] on a 10-cm visual analog scale for pain; modeled risk difference for achieving the MID, 11.9% [95% CI, 9.7% to 14.1%]), improved physical functioning (WMD, 2.04 points [95% CI, 1.41 to 2.68 points] on the 100-point SF-36 PCS; modeled risk difference for achieving the MID, 8.5% [95% CI, 5.9% to 11.2%]), and increased vomiting (5.9% with opioids vs 2.3% with placebo for trials that excluded patients with adverse events during a run-in period). Low- to moderate-quality evidence suggested similar associations of opioids with improvements in pain and physical functioning compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (pain: WMD, -0.60 cm [95% CI, -1.54 to 0.34 cm]; physical functioning: WMD, -0.90 points [95% CI, -2.69 to 0.89 points]), tricyclic antidepressants (pain: WMD, -0.13 cm [95% CI, -0.99 to 0.74 cm]; physical functioning: WMD, -5.31 points [95% CI, -13.77 to 3.14 points]), and anticonvulsants (pain: WMD, -0.90 cm [95% CI, -1.65 to -0.14 cm]; physical functioning: WMD, 0.45 points [95% CI, -5.77 to 6.66 points]). Conclusions and Relevance: In this meta-analysis of RCTs of patients with chronic noncancer pain, evidence from high-quality studies showed that opioid use was associated with statistically significant but small improvements in pain and physical functioning, and increased risk of vomiting compared with placebo. Comparisons of opioids with nonopioid alternatives suggested that the benefit for pain and functioning may be similar, although the evidence was from studies of only low to moderate quality.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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