Smoke radiocarbon measurements from Indonesian fires provide evidence for burning of millennia-aged peat.
| Autor: | Wiggins EB; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; elizabeth.b.wiggins@nasa.gov jranders@uci.edu., Czimczik CI; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697., Santos GM; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697., Chen Y; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697., Xu X; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697., Holden SR; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697., Randerson JT; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; elizabeth.b.wiggins@nasa.gov jranders@uci.edu., Harvey CF; Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602 Singapore.; Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139., Kai FM; Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602 Singapore., Yu LE; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore.; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2018 Dec 04; Vol. 115 (49), pp. 12419-12424. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Nov 19. |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1806003115 |
| Abstrakt: | In response to a strong El Niño, fires in Indonesia during September and October 2015 released a large amount of carbon dioxide and created a massive regional smoke cloud that severely degraded air quality in many urban centers across Southeast Asia. Although several lines of evidence indicate that peat burning was a dominant contributor to emissions in the region, El Niñ o -induced drought is also known to increase deforestation fires and agricultural waste burning in plantations. As a result, uncertainties remain with respect to partitioning emissions among different ecosystem and fire types. Here we measured the radiocarbon content ( 14 C) of carbonaceous aerosol samples collected in Singapore from September 2014 through October 2015, with the aim of identifying the age and origin of fire-emitted fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm). The Δ 14 C of fire-emitted aerosol was -76 ± 51‰, corresponding to a carbon pool of combusted organic matter with a mean turnover time of 800 ± 420 y. Our observations indicated that smoke plumes reaching Singapore originated primarily from peat burning (∼85%), and not from deforestation fires or waste burning. Atmospheric transport modeling confirmed that fires in Sumatra and Borneo were dominant contributors to elevated PM Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: S.E.P. and C.F.H. are coauthors on a 2017 letter to the editor. (Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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