Gut microbiome transition across a lifestyle gradient in Himalaya.

Autor: Jha AR; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.; Center for Computational, Evolutionary, and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America., Davenport ER; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America., Gautam Y; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America., Bhandari D; Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal., Tandukar S; Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal., Ng KM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America., Fragiadakis GK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America., Holmes S; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America., Gautam GP; Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Nepalgunj, Nepal., Leach J; Human Food Project, Terlingua, Texas, United States of America.; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom., Sherchand JB; Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal., Bustamante CD; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.; Center for Computational, Evolutionary, and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America., Sonnenburg JL; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America.; Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS biology [PLoS Biol] 2018 Nov 15; Vol. 16 (11), pp. e2005396. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Nov 15 (Print Publication: 2018).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005396
Abstrakt: The composition of the gut microbiome in industrialized populations differs from those living traditional lifestyles. However, it has been difficult to separate the contributions of human genetic and geographic factors from lifestyle. Whether shifts away from the foraging lifestyle that characterize much of humanity's past influence the gut microbiome, and to what degree, remains unclear. Here, we characterize the stool bacterial composition of four Himalayan populations to investigate how the gut community changes in response to shifts in traditional human lifestyles. These groups led seminomadic hunting-gathering lifestyles until transitioning to varying levels of agricultural dependence upon farming. The Tharu began farming 250-300 years ago, the Raute and Raji transitioned 30-40 years ago, and the Chepang retain many aspects of a foraging lifestyle. We assess the contributions of dietary and environmental factors on their gut-associated microbes and find that differences in the lifestyles of Himalayan foragers and farmers are strongly correlated with microbial community variation. Furthermore, the gut microbiomes of all four traditional Himalayan populations are distinct from that of the Americans, indicating that industrialization may further exacerbate differences in the gut community. The Chepang foragers harbor an elevated abundance of taxa associated with foragers around the world. Conversely, the gut microbiomes of the populations that have transitioned to farming are more similar to those of Americans, with agricultural dependence and several associated lifestyle and environmental factors correlating with the extent of microbiome divergence from the foraging population. The gut microbiomes of Raute and Raji reveal an intermediate state between the Chepang and Tharu, indicating that divergence from a stereotypical foraging microbiome can occur within a single generation. Our results also show that environmental factors such as drinking water source and solid cooking fuel are significantly associated with the gut microbiome. Despite the pronounced differences in gut bacterial composition across populations, we found little differences in alpha diversity across lifestyles. These findings in genetically similar populations living in the same geographical region establish the key role of lifestyle in determining human gut microbiome composition and point to the next challenging steps of determining how large-scale gut microbiome reconfiguration impacts human biology.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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