Prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment: magnitude, temporal trends and projections in South and Central Asia.

Autor:	Nangia V; Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Jonas JB; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., George R; Department of Glaucoma, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Lingam V; Department of Glaucoma, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Ellwein L; National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Cicinelli MV; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Das A; Health Education Yorkshire and the Humber, Humber, UK., Flaxman SR; Department of Mathematics, Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, UK., Keeffe JE; Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Kempen JH; Director of Epidemiology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Discovery Eye Center, MyungSung Christian Medical Center and Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Leasher J; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA., Limburg H; Health Information Services, Grootebroek, The Netherlands., Naidoo K; African Vision Research Institute, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa and Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Victoria, Australia., Pesudovs K; 5 Rose St, Glenelg, Glenelg, South Australia, Australia., Resnikoff S; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia & School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Silvester AJ; Pauls Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK., Tahhan N; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia & School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Taylor HR; Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, Australia., Wong TY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Asia., Bourne RRA; Vision and Eye Research Unit, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK rb@rupertbourne.co.uk.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The British journal of ophthalmology [Br J Ophthalmol] 2019 Jul; Vol. 103 (7), pp. 871-877. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Nov 08.
DOI:	10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312292
Abstrakt:	Background: To assess prevalence and causes of vision loss in Central and South Asia. Methods: A systematic review of medical literature assessed the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity<3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (MVI; presenting visual acuity <6/12 and ≥6/18) in Central and South Asia for 1990, 2010, 2015 and 2020. Results: In Central and South Asia combined, age-standardised prevalences of blindness, MSVI and MVI in 2015 were for men and women aged 50+years, 3.72% (80% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.39-6.75) and 4.00% (80% UI: 1.41-7.39), 16.33% (80% UI: 8.55-25.47) and 17.65% (80% UI: 9.00-27.62), 11.70% (80% UI: 4.70-20.32) and 12.25% (80% UI:4.86-21.30), respectively, with a significant decrease in the study period for both gender. In South Asia in 2015, 11.76 million individuals (32.65% of the global blindness figure) were blind and 61.19 million individuals (28.3% of the global total) had MSVI. From 1990 to 2015, cataract (accounting for 36.58% of all cases with blindness in 2015) was the most common cause of blindness, followed by undercorrected refractive error (36.43%), glaucoma (5.81%), age-related macular degeneration (2.44%), corneal diseases (2.43%), diabetic retinopathy (0.16%) and trachoma (0.04%). For MSVI in South Asia 2015, most common causes were undercorrected refractive error (accounting for 66.39% of all cases with MSVI), followed by cataract (23.62%), age-related macular degeneration (1.31%) and glaucoma (1.09%). Conclusions: One-third of the global blind resided in South Asia in 2015, although the age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI decreased significantly between 1990 and 2015. Competing Interests: Competing interests: JBJ is the patent holder with Biocompatibles UK (Farnham, Surrey, UK) (Title: Treatment of eye diseases using encapsulated cells encoding and secreting neuroprotective factor and / or anti-angiogenic factor; Patent number: 20120263794) and Patent application with University of Heidelberg (Heidelberg, Germany) (Title: Agents for use in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of myopia or hyperopia; Europäische Patentanmeldung 15 000 771.4. SR is the consultant for Brien Holden Vision Institute. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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