Tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor diminishes efficacy of breast tumor cell vaccines.

Autor: Ravindranathan S; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA., Nguyen KG; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Kurtz SL; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA., Frazier HN; Honors College, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA., Smith SG; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA., Koppolu BP; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA., Rajaram N; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA., Zaharoff DA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA. dazaharo@ncsu.edu.; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA. dazaharo@ncsu.edu.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. dazaharo@ncsu.edu.; Honors College, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA. dazaharo@ncsu.edu.; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. dazaharo@ncsu.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Breast cancer research : BCR [Breast Cancer Res] 2018 Oct 22; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 126. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 22.
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1054-3
Abstrakt: Background: Although metastasis is ultimately responsible for about 90% of breast cancer mortality, the vast majority of breast-cancer-related deaths are due to progressive recurrences from non-metastatic disease. Current adjuvant therapies are unable to prevent progressive recurrences for a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer. Autologous tumor cell vaccines (ATCVs) are a safe and potentially useful strategy to prevent breast cancer recurrence, in a personalized and patient-specific manner, following standard-of-care tumor resection. Given the high intra-patient and inter-patient heterogeneity in breast cancer, it is important to understand which factors influence the immunogenicity of breast tumor cells in order to maximize ATCV effectiveness.
Methods: The relative immunogenicity of two murine breast carcinomas, 4T1 and EMT6, were compared in a prophylactic vaccination-tumor challenge model. Differences in cell surface expression of antigen-presentation-related and costimulatory molecules were compared along with immunosuppressive cytokine production. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to modulate tumor-derived cytokine secretion. The impacts of cytokine deletion on splenomegaly, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation and ATCV immunogenicity were assessed.
Results: Mice vaccinated with an EMT6 vaccine exhibited significantly greater protective immunity than mice vaccinated with a 4T1 vaccine. Hybrid vaccination studies revealed that the 4T1 vaccination induced both local and systemic immune impairments. Although there were significant differences between EMT6 and 4T1 in the expression of costimulatory molecules, major disparities in the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines likely accounts for differences in immunogenicity between the cell lines. Ablation of one cytokine in particular, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), reversed MDSC accumulation and splenomegaly in the 4T1 model. Furthermore, G-CSF inhibition enhanced the immunogenicity of a 4T1-based vaccine to the extent that all vaccinated mice developed complete protective immunity.
Conclusions: Breast cancer cells that express high levels of G-CSF have the potential to diminish or abrogate the efficacy of breast cancer ATCVs. Fortunately, this study demonstrates that genetic ablation of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as G-CSF, can enhance the immunogenicity of breast cancer cell-based vaccines. Strategies that combine inhibition of immunosuppressive factors with immune stimulatory co-formulations already under development may help ATCVs reach their full potential.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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