Malaria elimination in remote communities requires integration of malaria control activities into general health care: an observational study and interrupted time series analysis in Myanmar.

Autor:	McLean ARD; Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar.; Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU), Yangon, Myanmar., Wai HP; Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar., Thu AM; Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar., Khant ZS; Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar., Indrasuta C; Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar., Ashley EA; Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU), Yangon, Myanmar., Kyaw TT; Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar., Day NPJ; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Dondorp A; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., White NJ; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Smithuis FM; Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar. frank.m.smithuis@gmail.com.; Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU), Yangon, Myanmar. frank.m.smithuis@gmail.com.; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. frank.m.smithuis@gmail.com.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMC medicine [BMC Med] 2018 Oct 22; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 183. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 22.
DOI:	10.1186/s12916-018-1172-x
Abstrakt:	Background: Community health workers (CHWs) can provide diagnosis and treatment of malaria in remote rural areas and are therefore key to the elimination of malaria. However, as incidence declines, uptake of their services could be compromised if they only treat malaria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 571,286 malaria rapid diagnostic tests conducted between 2011 and 2016 by 1335 CHWs supported by Medical Action Myanmar. We assessed rates of decline in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax incidence and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positivity rates using negative binomial mixed effects models. We investigated whether broadening the CHW remit to provide a basic health care (BHC) package was associated with a change in malaria blood examination rates. Results: Communities with CHWs providing malaria diagnosis and treatment experienced declines in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria incidence of 70% (95% CI 66-73%) and 64% (59-68%) respectively each year of operation. RDT positivity rates declined similarly with declines of 70% (95% CI 66-73%) for P. falciparum and 65% (95% CI 61-69%) for P. vivax with each year of CHW operation. In four cohorts studied, adding a BHC package was associated with an immediate and sustained increase in blood examination rates (step-change rate ratios 2.3 (95% CI 2.0-2.6), 5.4 (95% CI 4.0-7.3), 1.7 (95% CI 1.4-2.1), and 1.1 (95% CI 1.0.1.3)). Conclusions: CHWs have overseen dramatic declines in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria in rural Myanmar. Expanding their remit to general health care has sustained community uptake of malaria services. In similar settings, expanding health services offered by CHWs beyond malaria testing and treatment can improve rural health care while ensuring continued progress towards the elimination of malaria.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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