The fate of prazosin and levonorgestrel after electrochemical degradation process: Monitoring by-products using LC-TOF/MS.

Autor: Al-Qaim FF; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Babylon, PO Box 4, Hilla, Iraq. Electronic address: fouadalkaim@yahoo.com., Mussa ZH; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia; School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: haider@graduate.utm.my., Yuzir A; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia., Latip J; School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Othman MR; School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Water Research and Analysis (ALIR), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of environmental sciences (China) [J Environ Sci (China)] 2018 Dec; Vol. 74, pp. 134-146. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Mar 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.02.019
Abstrakt: Prazosin (PRZ) and levonorgestrel (LNG) are widely used as an anti-disease drugs due to their biological activity in the human body. The frequent detection of these compounds in water samples requires alternative technologies for the removal of both compounds. After electrochemical degradation of PRZ and LNG, the parent compounds could be completely removed after treatment, but the identification and characterization of by-products are necessary as well. In this study, the effects of NaCl concentration and applied voltage were investigated during the electrochemical degradation process. The results revealed that the increase of NaCl concentration and applied voltage could promote the generation of hypochlorite OCl - and then enhance the degradation of PRZ and LNG. After initial study, 6V and 0.2g NaCl were selected for further experiments (96% and 99% removal of PRZ and LNG after 40min, respectively). Energy consumption was also evaluated and calculated for PRZ and LNG at 3, 6 and 8V. Solid phase extraction (SPE) method plays an important role in enhancing the detection limit of by-products. Furthermore, characterization and identification of chlorinated and non-chlorinated by-products were conducted using an accurate liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry LC-TOF/MS instrument. The monitoring of products during the electrochemical degradation process was performed at 6V and 0.2g NaCl in a 50mL solution. The results indicated that two chlorinated products were formed during the electrochemical process. The toxicity of by-products toward E. coli bacteria was investigated at 37°C and 20hr incubation time.
(Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: