The spectrum of type III hyperlipoproteinemia.

Autor: Sniderman AD; Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: allansniderman@hotmail.com., de Graaf J; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Thanassoulis G; Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Tremblay AJ; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada., Martin SS; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Couture P; Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of clinical lipidology [J Clin Lipidol] 2018 Nov - Dec; Vol. 12 (6), pp. 1383-1389. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.09.006
Abstrakt: Background: Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is a highly atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia characterized by hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia due to markedly increased numbers of cholesterol-enriched chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnant lipoprotein particles. Type III can be distinguished from mixed hyperlipidemia based on a simple diagnostic algorithm, which involves total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B (apoB). However, apoB is not measured routinely.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine if patients with type III could be distinguished from mixed hyperlipidemia based on lipoprotein lipids.
Methods: Classification was based first on total cholesterol and triglyceride and then on the apoB diagnostic algorithm using apoB plus total cholesterol plus triglycerides, and validated by sequential ultracentrifugation. Four hundred and forty normals, 637 patients with hypertriglyceridemia, and 714 with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were studied. Plasma lipoproteins were separated by sequential ultracentrifugation and heparin-manganese precipitation. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and apoB were measured in plasma and isolated lipoprotein fractions.
Results: Of the 1351 patients with hypertriglyceridemia, 49 had type III hyperlipoproteinemia, as diagnosed by the apoB algorithm and validated by ultracentrifugation. Plasma triglycerides were higher in the type III subjects: 4.16 mmol/L (3.35-6.08, 25th-75th percentile), but there was considerable overlap with the hypertriglyceridemic subjects 2.65 mmol/L (1.91-4.20, 25th-75th percentile) and the combined hyperlipidemic subjects 3.02 mmol/L (2.07-5.32, 25th-75th percentile). Similarly, total cholesterol was 4.79 mmol/L (4.31-5.58, 25th-75th percentile) for type III vs 5.5 mmol/L (4.64-5.78, 25th-75th percentile) and 7.02 mmol/L (6.39-7.96, 25th-75th percentile), respectively. By contrast, as identified by the apoB algorithm, the VLDL-C/TG, VLDL-C/VLDL-TG, VLDL-C/VLDL apoB, and VLDL apoB/LDL apoB ratios were all higher in type III than in the other hypertriglyceridemic dyslipoproteinemias with the exception of type V as diagnosed by the apoB algorithm.
Conclusion: Cholesterol and triglycerides cannot reliably distinguish type III hyperlipoproteinemia from mixed hyperlipidemia. Adding apoB and applying the apoB algorithm makes reliable diagnosis possible and easy. However, unless apoB is introduced into routine clinical care, type III hyperlipoproteinemia will often not be recognized. Given the cardiovascular risk associated with type III and its responsiveness to treatment, this should not be acceptable.
(Copyright © 2018 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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