Molecular archaeoparasitology identifies cultural changes in the Medieval Hanseatic trading centre of Lübeck.

Autor:	Flammer PG; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK., Dellicour S; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., Preston SG; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK., Rieger D; Archäologie und Denkmalpflege der Hansestadt Lübeck, 23566 Lübeck, Germany., Warren S; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK., Tan CKW; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK., Nicholson R; Oxford Archaeology Ltd., Janus House, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0ES, UK., Přichystalová R; Masaryk University Brno, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic., Bleicher N; Hochbauamt der Stadt Zürich, Abteilung Unterwasserarchäologie, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland., Wahl J; Universität Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.; Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, 78467 Konstanz, Germany., Faria NR; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK., Pybus OG; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK., Pollard M; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK., Smith AL; Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK adrian.smith@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2018 Oct 03; Vol. 285 (1888). Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 03.
DOI:	10.1098/rspb.2018.0991
Abstrakt:	Throughout history, humans have been afflicted by parasitic worms, and eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits. This study integrated parasitological and ancient DNA methods with a large sample set dating between Neolithic and Early Modern periods to explore the utility of molecular archaeoparasitology as a new approach to study the past. Molecular analyses provided unequivocal species-level parasite identification and revealed location-specific epidemiological signatures. Faecal-oral transmitted nematodes ( Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura ) were ubiquitous across time and space. By contrast, high numbers of food-associated cestodes ( Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata ) were restricted to medieval Lübeck. The presence of these cestodes and changes in their prevalence at approximately 1300 CE indicate substantial alterations in diet or parasite availability. Trichuris trichiura ITS-1 sequences grouped into two clades; one ubiquitous and one restricted to medieval Lübeck and Bristol. The high sequence diversity of T.t ITS-1 detected in Lübeck is consistent with its importance as a Hanseatic trading centre. Collectively, these results introduce molecular archaeoparasitology as an artefact-independent source of historical evidence. (© 2018 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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