| Autor: |
Burton CL; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada., Park LS; Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Corfield EC; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Forget-Dubois N; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada., Dupuis A; Clinical Research Services, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Sinopoli VM; Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Shan J; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada., Goodale T; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada., Shaheen SM; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Departments of Psychiatry and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada., Crosbie J; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Schachar RJ; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Arnold PD; Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. paul.arnold@ucalgary.ca.; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Departments of Psychiatry and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. paul.arnold@ucalgary.ca. |
| Abstrakt: |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable childhood-onset psychiatric disorder that may represent the extreme of obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits that are widespread in the general population. We report the heritability of the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (TOCS), a new measure designed to assess the complete range of OC traits in youth. We also examined the dimensional nature of the TOCS and the degree to which genetic effects are unique or shared between dimensions. OC traits were measured using the TOCS in 16,718 youth (6-18 years) at a science museum. We conducted a factor analysis to identify OC trait dimensions. We used univariate and multivariate twin models to estimate the heritability of OC trait dimensions in a subset of twins (220 pairs). Six OC dimensions were identified: Cleaning/Contamination, Symmetry/Ordering, Rumination, Superstition, Counting/Checking, and Hoarding. The TOCS total score (74%) and each OC dimension was heritable (30-77%). Hoarding was not highly correlated with other OC dimensions, but did share genetic effects. Shared genetics accounted for most of the shared variance among dimensions, whereas unique environment accounted for the majority of dimension-specific variance. One exception was Hoarding, which had considerable unique genetic factors. A latent trait did not account for the shared variance between dimensions. In conclusion, OC traits and individual OC dimensions were heritable, although the degree of shared and dimension-specific etiological factors varied by dimension. The TOCS may be informative for genetic research of OC traits in youth. Genetic research of OC traits should consider both OC dimension and total trait scores. |
