| Autor: |
Ivanus U; National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme and Registry ZORA, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Jerman T; National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme and Registry ZORA, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Fokter AR; Department of Pathology and Cytology, Celje General Hospital, Celje, Slovenia., Takac I; University Department of Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Prevodnik VK; Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Marcec M; University Department of Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Gajsek US; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia., Pakiz M; University Department of Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Koren J; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia., Celik SH; Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Kramberger KG; Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Klopcic U; Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Kavalar R; Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Zatler SS; Department of Pathology and Cytology, Celje General Hospital, Celje, Slovenia., Kuzmanov BG; Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Florjancic M; National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme and Registry ZORA, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Nolde N; Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Novakovic S; Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Poljak M; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Zakelj MP; National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme and Registry ZORA, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Background To overcome obstacles within the Slovenian organised cervical cancer screening programme, a randomised pilot study of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among non-attenders was performed, aiming to assess three different screening approaches. Participants and methods Non-attenders aged 30-64 years from two Slovenian regions were randomised to two HPV self-sampling groups-the opt-in (I1, n = 14.400) and the opt-out (I2, n = 9.556), with a control group (P, n = 2.600). Self-collected samples were analysed using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay. HPV-positive women were invited to a colposcopy. The overall and type-specific intention-to-screen response rates and histological outcomes with a positive predictive value (PPV) according to the women's age, the screening approach, the level of protection resulting from previous screening history, and the region of residence were assessed. Results Of the 26.556 women enrolled, 8.972 (33.8%) responded with self-sample for HPV testing and/or traditional cytology within one year of enrolment. Response rates were 37.7%, 34.0% and 18.4% (p < 0.050) for opt-out, opt-in and control groups. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ was diagnosed in 3.9/1.000, 3.4/1.000, and 3.1/1.000 women (p > 0.050), respectively. PPV of the HPV self-sampling was 12.0% and 9.6% for CIN2+ and CIN3+. The highest PPV was obtained in non-attenders in screening programme for more than 10-years and concordant results of HPV testing with 40.8% for CIN2+ and 38.8% for CIN3+. Conclusions The results of our study show that a high response to HPV self-sampling can be achieved also in an opt-in approach, if women are encouraged to choose between self-sampling at home and screening with gynaecologist. In addition, clinically important risk difference for a high-grade cervical lesion exists in the case of a positive result of HPV testing on self-collected samples, depending on the length of the interval since last screening. Stratified management of these women should be strongly considered. Women who were not screened with cytology for at least 10 years should be referred to immediate colposcopy for histology verification instead to delayed re-testing. |
