Prevalence and causes of vision loss in North Africa and Middle East in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections.

Autor:	Kahloun R; Les Ophtalmologistes Associés de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., Khairallah M; Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia moncef.khairallah@yahoo.fr., Resnikoff S; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Cicinelli MV; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Flaxman SR; Department of Mathematics and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK., Das A; Health Education Yorkshire and the Humber, London, UK., Jonas JB; Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsmedizin, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Keeffe JE; L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India., Kempen JH; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; MyungSung Christian Medical Center and Medical School, Discovery Eye Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Leasher J; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA., Limburg H; Health Information Services, Grootebroek, The Netherlands., Naidoo K; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; African Vision Research Institute, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Pesudovs K; 5 Rose St, Glenelg, South Australia, Australia., Silvester AJ; St Pauls Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK., Tahhan N; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Taylor HR; Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia., Wong TY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Bourne RRA; Vision and Eye Research Unit, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The British journal of ophthalmology [Br J Ophthalmol] 2019 Jul; Vol. 103 (7), pp. 863-870. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 12.
DOI:	10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312068
Abstrakt:	Background: To assess the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) from 1990 to 2015 and to forecast projections for 2020. Methods: Based on a systematic review of medical literature, the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; PVA <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (PVA <6/12 but ≥6/18) was estimated for 2015 and 2020. Results: The age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI for all ages and genders decreased from 1990 to 2015, from 1.72 (0.53-3.13) to 0.95% (0.32%-1.71%), and from 6.66 (3.09-10.69) to 4.62% (2.21%-7.33%), respectively, with slightly higher figures for women than men. Cataract was the most common cause of blindness in 1990 and 2015, followed by uncorrected refractive error. Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of MSVI in the NAME region in 1990 and 2015, followed by cataract. A reduction in the proportions of blindness and MSVI due to cataract, corneal opacity and trachoma is predicted by 2020. Conversely, an increase in the proportion of blindness attributable to uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy is expected. Conclusions: In 2015 cataract and uncorrected refractive error were the major causes of vision loss in the NAME region. Proportions of vision impairment from cataract, corneal opacity and trachoma are expected to decrease by 2020, and those from uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are predicted to increase by 2020. Competing Interests: Competing interests: JBJ: consultant for Mundipharma (Cambridge, UK); patent holder with Biocompatibles UK (Farnham, Surrey, UK) (Title: Treatment of eye diseases using encapsulated cells encoding and secreting neuroprotective factor and/or antiangiogenic factor; patent number: 20120263794) and patent application with the University of Heidelberg (Heidelberg, Germany) (Title: Agents for use in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of myopia or hyperopia; Europäische Patentanmeldung 15 000 771.4). JHK: consultant for Gilead and Santen. SR: consultant for Brien Holden Vision Institute. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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