Small cells with big implications: Microglia and sex differences in brain development, plasticity and behavioral health.

Autor: Nelson LH; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA., Saulsbery AI; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA., Lenz KM; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: lenz.56@osu.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Progress in neurobiology [Prog Neurobiol] 2019 May; Vol. 176, pp. 103-119. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 05.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.002
Abstrakt: Brain sex differences are programmed largely by sex hormone secretions and direct sex chromosome effects in early life, and are subsequently modulated by early life experiences. The brain's resident immune cells, called microglia, actively contribute to brain development. Recent research has shown that microglia are sexually dimorphic, especially during early life, and may participate in sex-specific organization of the brain and behavior. Likewise, sex differences in immune cells and their signaling in the adult brain have been found, although in most cases their function remains unclear. Additionally, immune cells and their signaling have been implicated in many disorders in which brain development or plasticity is altered, including autism, schizophrenia, pain disorders, major depression, and postpartum depression. This review summarizes what is currently known about sex differences in neuroimmune function in development and during other major phases of brain plasticity, as well as the current state of knowledge regarding sex-specific neuroimmune function in psychiatric disorders.
(Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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