Low irradiance multiphoton imaging with alloyed lanthanide nanocrystals.

Autor: Tian B; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Fernandez-Bravo A; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Najafiaghdam H; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Torquato NA; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Altoe MVP; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Teitelboim A; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Tajon CA; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Tian Y; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Borys NJ; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Barnard ES; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA., Anwar M; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA., Chan EM; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. emchan@lbl.gov., Schuck PJ; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. p.j.schuck@columbia.edu.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA. p.j.schuck@columbia.edu., Cohen BE; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. becohen@lbl.gov.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2018 Aug 06; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 3082. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 06.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05577-8
Abstrakt: Multiphoton imaging techniques that convert low-energy excitation to higher energy emission are widely used to improve signal over background, reduce scatter, and limit photodamage. Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are among the most efficient multiphoton probes, but even UCNPs with optimized lanthanide dopant levels require laser intensities that may be problematic. Here, we develop protein-sized, alloyed UCNPs (aUCNPs) that can be imaged individually at laser intensities >300-fold lower than needed for comparably sized doped UCNPs. Using single UCNP characterization and kinetic modeling, we find that addition of inert shells changes optimal lanthanide content from Yb 3+ , Er 3+ -doped NaYF 4 nanocrystals to fully alloyed compositions. At high levels, emitter Er 3+ ions can adopt a second role to enhance aUCNP absorption cross-section by desaturating sensitizer Yb 3+ or by absorbing photons directly. Core/shell aUCNPs 12 nm in total diameter can be imaged through deep tissue in live mice using a laser intensity of 0.1 W cm -2 .
Databáze: MEDLINE
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