Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan.
| Autor: | Arranz-Otaegui A; Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; kch860@hum.ku.dk., Gonzalez Carretero L; Institute of Archaeology, University College London, WC1H 0PY London, United Kingdom., Ramsey MN; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 3ER Cambridge, United Kingdom., Fuller DQ; Institute of Archaeology, University College London, WC1H 0PY London, United Kingdom., Richter T; Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2018 Jul 31; Vol. 115 (31), pp. 7925-7930. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 16. |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1801071115 |
| Abstrakt: | The origins of bread have long been associated with the emergence of agriculture and cereal domestication during the Neolithic in southwest Asia. In this study we analyze a total of 24 charred food remains from Shubayqa 1, a Natufian hunter-gatherer site located in northeastern Jordan and dated to 14.6-11.6 ka cal BP. Our finds provide empirical data to demonstrate that the preparation and consumption of bread-like products predated the emergence of agriculture by at least 4,000 years. The interdisciplinary analyses indicate the use of some of the "founder crops" of southwest Asian agriculture (e.g., Triticum boeoticum , wild einkorn) and root foods (e.g., Bolboschoenus glaucus , club-rush tubers) to produce flat bread-like products. The available archaeobotanical evidence for the Natufian period indicates that cereal exploitation was not common during this time, and it is most likely that cereal-based meals like bread become staples only when agriculture was firmly established. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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